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Based on interviews with 69 Shanghai residents involved in extramarital affairs, this paper discusses how ordinary Shanghai people experience and describe extramarital affairs in the reform era. The guiding methodological premise is that people justify sexual affairs differently in different social contexts, producing narratives that may be appropriate for one type of social context, but inappropriate in another. The research showed that Chinese people access multiple cultural codes in explaining and justifying their affairs, including a code of "play" appropriate to dance halls and internet chat rooms, a code of "romantic feelings" appropriate to the "two person world" of the love affair, and a code of "responsibility" when facing issues involving the spouse and family. Switching codes allowed participants in affairs to manage their affairs across social contexts, but could also produce emotional conflicts and contradictions that eventually led to divorce or to the end of the affair. Far from being an amoral interaction based on crass material or sexual exchanges, the affair is a morally charged event in which people place great worth on responsibilities and loyalties incurred through sexual and emotional engagements. The changing social contexts of reform-era China, especially the advent of commercial leisure and the changing nature of the work place, allow married people greater room for the development of extramarital attachments. (China J/DÜI)

The paper describes the language situation in Shanghai in 1999.

Bei dem Beitrag handelt es sich um Erinnerungen von Günter und Genia Nobel über ihre Jahre des politischen Exils in Shanghai 1939 bis 1947. Die Verfasser haben von 1933 bis zu ihrer Verhaftung 1936 in der illegalen KPD im Berliner Unterbezirk Charlottenburg gearbeitet und die technische Herstellung der "Charlottenburger Roten Fahne" besorgt. Nach ihrer Haftentlassung 1939 emigrierten sie nach Shanghai. Dargestellt wird das Leben im Exil, die politische Organisation von KPD-Emigranten und die veränderte Situation nach dem Angriff Deutschlands auf die Sowjetunion, die dazu führte, daß die japanische Armee die von Hitler ausgebürgerten Emigranten in einem Ghetto zusammenfaßte. Schließlich wird noch auf die Zeit nach der Kapitulation Japans während der US-amerikanischen Besatzung eingegangen. (WJ)

Shanghai constitue une mégapole unique, à part dans la Chine d'aujourd'hui. Très marquée par la période des concessions avec l'ouverture forcée vers l'extérieur, la ville a été marginalisée sous Mao avant de connaître un développement exceptionnel dans lequel la dimension maritime est essentielle.

Shanghai Cooperation Organization was founded in 2001 under a Declaration signed by the leaders of five independent states from the territory of former Soviet Union and the President of the People's Republic of China. The Charter, adopted by the organization's member states as their basic document, emphasizes their commitment to strengthen their mutual trust and good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation; to keep and maintain the peace, stability and security of the region; as well as to fight together against all forms of terrorism, separatism and extremism. Although there are significant differences between the member states in almost all matters of social and governmental organization, over its ten-year existence the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has proved its vitality and has become respectable entity not only of the regional but also of international cooperation on the whole. In recent years all main actors of contemporary international relations have tried to establish and develop the cooperation with this important intergovernmental association. What the further development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization will be like and where the organization will be positioned within the future world order is difficult to be definitely determined. Apart from the role of the two leading states of this organization - Russia and China, its eventual position will be greatly influenced by other major international factors as well, which, in the era of unstable energy and other forms of security, find the area of Central Asia ever more significant and attractive.