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The book provides the first comprehensive discussion of optimal search theory in a spatial context. By treating the alternatives of a search problem as spatially distributed, the standard structure of an optimal search model is altered considerably. The book discusses the basic structure of this spatial search problem and demonstrates that it falls into a class of highly complex problems. After a brief discussion of potential simplifications and heuristic solutions it applies the microeconomic concept of spatial search to selected aspects of spatial economics like spatial price theory, the theory of market areas, and agglomeration theory. It can be demonstrated that a spatial search based theory can capture a number of well known phenomena, e.g. the transition from a dispersed to an agglomerated locational pattern

1. Spatial Inequalities and Regional Development: A Framework -- I. Analytical studies in spatial inequalities and regional development -- 2. On the Contradictions between City and Countryside -- 3. Environmental Protection and Spatial Welfare Patterns -- 4. Contact Potentials in the European System of Cities -- 5. Human Reactions to Spatial Diversity: Mobility in Regional Labour Markets -- II. Policy-oriented studies in spatial inequalities and regional development -- 6. Spatial Equity: Some Anti-Theses to Current Regional Development Doctrine -- 7. Aggregate Efficiency and Interregional Equity -- 8. Capital, Labour and the Regions -- 9. Integrated Regional Planning: As Applied to the Northern Netherlands.

In recent years, spatial analysis has become an increasingly active field, as evidenced by the establishment of educational and research programs at many universities. Its popularity is due mainly to new technologies and the development of spatial data infrastructures. This book illustrates some recent developments in spatial analysis, behavioural modelling, and computational intelligence. World renown spatial analysts explain and demonstrate their new and insightful models and methods. The applications are in areas of societal interest such as the spread of infectious diseases, migration behaviour, and retail and agricultural location strategies. In addition, there is emphasis on the uses of new technologoies for the analysis of spatial data through the application of neural network concepts

New Directions in Computational Economics brings together for the first time a diverse selection of papers, sharing the underlying theme of application of computing technology as a tool for achieving solutions to realistic problems in computational economics and related areas in the environmental, ecological and energy fields. Part I of the volume addresses experimental and computational issues in auction mechanisms, including a survey of recent results for sealed bid auctions. The second contribution uses neural networks as the basis for estimating bid functions for first price sealed bid auctions. Also presented is the `smart market' computational mechanism which better matches bids and offers for natural gas. Part II consists of papers that formulate and solve models of economics systems. Amman and Kendrick's paper deals with control models and the computational difficulties that result from nonconvexities. Using goal programming, Nagurney, Thore and Pan formulate spatial resource allocation models to analyze various policy issues. Thompson and Thrall next present a rigorous mathematical analysis of the relationship between efficiency and profitability. The problem of matching uncertain streams of assets and liabilities is solved using stochastic optimization techniques in the following paper in this section. Finally, Part III applies economic concepts to issues in computer science in addition to using computational techniques to solve economic models

Cultural economics as a field of research involves two areas, culture and economy. These two areas have been traditionally regarded as each other's antithesis. However, the economic aspects of culture have increasingly become a matter of everyday reality for persons working in the cultural field. The economy of culture has always been in the focus of political interest. Political decisions concerning such priority areas as the development of regional institutions, support to the artists and cultural programmes for children and youth have important economic implications. This book deals with a range of topics in cultural economics. It contains original papers by economists workingin the field from 15 different countries and covers a host of both theoretical and practical issues, covering the performing arts, arts marketsand museums. It represents an up-to-date statement of the application of economic ideas to cultural questions

This book is to establish a new and different subject from regional economics. A series of case studies on border-regions with different natural, geographical features, and social and political structures are conducted. The author develops some specific propositions and analytical approaches in analysing the spatial characteristics and operational mechanisms of border-regions. More than 350 border-regions, 32 tables and 19 figures are included in this book

Gravity models describe, and hence help predict, spatial flows of commuters, air-travelers, migrants, commodities and even messages. They are one of the oldest and most widely used of all social science models. This book presents an up-to-date, consistent and unified approach to the theory, methods and application of the gravity model - which spans from the axiomatic foundations of such models all the way to practical hints for their use. "I have found no better general method for use in applied research dealing with spatial interaction.. It is against this background that the present book by Sen and Smith is most welcomed." Walter Isard

Economics of Urban Highway Congestion and Pricing offers the most extensive examination to date of the relationship between congestion tolls and highway capacity in the long run. This study breaks new ground in the economic theory of optimal road capacity by including theoretical contributions, empirical studies, and simulation experiments that all pertain to the general topic reflected in the title. The book is organized into four sections: 1) highway traffic flow; 2) commuter choice of tollways versus freeways; 3) congestion pricing in the short run; and 4) road capacity and pricing in the long run. In particular, the first section on highway traffic flow examines the chief models and empirical studies of vehicular flow on urban highways. The second section of the book is a theoretical and empirical examination of the choice that commuters make between urban tollways and freeways. The third section is devoted to congestion pricing in the short run, the time period in which the urban highway facilities are taken as given. This section is the most important part of the book from the standpoint of public policy. The fourth and last section of the book considers road capacity and pricing in the long run, with the concluding chapter gathering the authors' main results in one place and making recommendations both for current policy and for future research

1 The Transportation Planning Process -- 1.1. Goal formulation, generation and evaluation of alternatives -- 1.2. Descriptive approaches -- 1.3. Optimizing approaches -- 1.4. Welfare theory and measures of efficiency -- 1.5. The use of existing traffic patterns in the planning process -- 1.6. Outline of the paper -- I On Entropy -- 2 Entropy as a Measure of Dispersion -- 3 Some Comments upon Entropy Maximizing -- II The Doubly Constrained Trip Distribution Problem -- 4 A Model for the Constraints -- 5 The Objective Function and Our Minimization Problem -- 6 The Gravity Model as the Optimal Solution of the Entropy Constrained Aggregate Linear Program -- 7 Sensitivity and the Dual Program -- 8 Interactivity and Entropy -- 9 Benefit Measures and the Gravity Model -- III Modal Split and Assignment -- 10 Modal Split -- 11 Assignment to the Network -- IV Maximizing Total Utility -- 12 An Utility Approach to the Original Trip Distribution Problem -- 13 Entropy Constrained Aggregate Linear Program -- References.