What is the history of the creation of this board? R.B. OCLC's policy on the use and sharing of bibliographic data has so far been subject to a regulation entitled Guidelines for Use and Transfer of OCLC Derived Records.This text dating from 1987, the need to update it to take account of developments in the web and the new information landscape has become evident to OCLC. A draft new policy for notices was therefore presented to members in 2008. ; Quel est l'historique de la création de ce conseil ?R. B. : La politique d'utilisation et de partage des données bibliographiques d'OCLC est jusqu'à présent soumise à un règlement intitulé Guidelines for Use and Transfer of OCLC Derived Records.Ce texte datant de 1987, le besoin de le mettre à jour pour prendre en compte les évolutions du web et du nouveau paysage informationnel est devenu évident pour OCLC. Un projet de nouvelle politique pour les notices a donc été présenté en 2008 aux membres …
having summarised the results of the economic analyses carried out on market risk management in agriculture, a complex and recurrent topic in agricultural policy debates, we suggest some avenues for reflection to guide policy action. Thus, this action must focus first on the regulation (control) of risk management markets rather than on physical markets. The implementation of this general recommendation requires further specific economic work. ; Après avoir synthétisé les résultats des analyses économiques conduites sur la gestion des risques de marché en agriculture, sujet complexe et récurrent dans les débats de politique agricole, nous suggérons quelques pistes de réflexion pour guider l'action politique. Ainsi, cette action doit d'abord être portée sur la régulation (contrôle) des marchés de gestion des risques plutôt que sur les marchés physiques. La mise en œuvre de cette recommandation générale nécessite la poursuite de travaux économiques spécifiques.
This contribution is intended to bring Noverre back into the Royal Music Academy during the relatively short period in which he was attached to it (1776-1781) and to study his place both as a 'subject of dance' and as an artist in its own right. ; La présente contribution a pour but de replacer Noverre au sein de l'Académie royale de musique, pendant la période assez brève au cours de laquelle il y a été attaché (1776-1781) ainsi que d'étudier sa place à la fois en tant que "sujet de la danse" et qu'artiste à part entière.
Executive summary produced from the seminar "The special law of food tested by private law" organised by Lascaux in Nantes. 8 pages. What is the status of the food? What are the obligations to which producers are subject? To which liability regime (s) are they exposed? These few questions delivered in bulk are a sample of those that the lawyer is confronted with as soon as he or she examines the law applicable to food. ; Synthèse produite à partir du séminaire "Le droit spécial de l'alimentation à l'épreuve du droit privé", organisé par Lascaux à Nantes. 8 pages. Quel est le statut de l'aliment ? Quelles sont les obligations auxquelles les producteurs sont assujettis ? A quel(s) régime(s) de responsabilité sont-ils exposés ? Ces quelques interrogations livrées en vrac sont un échantillon de celles auxquelles le juriste est confronté dès l'instant où il examine le droit applicable à l'alimentation.
Este trabalho parte do deslocamento – apontado por Frédéric Gros – no qual as análises foucaultianas desenvolvem uma nova concepção de subjetividade, verdade e filosofia. As implicações deste deslocamento são inúmeras e remetem principalmente aos conceitos de atitude crítica e ética da liberdade. A crítica é entendida como uma atitude filosófica que precisa ser reativada frequentemente, por problematizar as relações entre saber/poder/sujeito, sem pressupor nenhum privilégio cognitivo; e a ética entendida como o trabalho pelo qual o sujeito constitui a si mesmo. Ambas são vistas como exercícios de liberdade. Uma liberdade cujo alicerce é a possibilidade concreta de um questionamento constante da verdade e uma transformação permanente do sujeito. A liberdade, para Foucault, é algo que só existe em ato, uma prática que recebe sua significação na medida em que é exercida. A ideia a ser defendida aqui é a de que a atitude crítica com seu caráter ético pressupõe uma problematização permanente de nossas verdades, uma construção constante de nossas subjetividades e uma filosofia que atenda aos apelos da nossa atualidade. Assim como a liberdade; sujeito, verdade e filosofia são práticas que só fazem sentido na medida em que são efetivamente articuladas. É neste contexto que podemos diagnosticar e compreender o presente, para que, através de uma filosofia crítica e uma ética da liberdade, possamos mudar aquilo que nos pareça necessário ser mudado. O presente urge por novas práticas de liberdade, mas elas possuem o cuidado de si como pré-requisito, ou seja, só podemos fazer sua ontologia em termos de práticas de liberdade que pressupõem uma transformação do sujeito através de relações nas quais ele se engaja livremente.
The article provides a tentative reading of Hegel's police as a concept that constitutes a crucial test for the rationality of Hegel's state and that actually played a very important role in the formation of his model of rationality. It starts by considering some significant changes in Hegel's approach to the subject in the Jena period, especially in reference to Fichte and Spinoza; then, it presents Hegel's conception of the police as the interface of the universal in his mature political philosophy, together with his treatment of the disturbing problem of poverty and the rabble; and to conclude, it adds some general remarks on Hegel's police, then and now. ; Članak pruža probno čitanje Hegelove policije kao pojma koji predstavlja ključni test za umnost Hegelove države i koji zapravo igra veoma bitnu ulogu u formiranju njegovog modela umnosti. Na početku se razmatraju neke značajne promene u Hegelovom pristupu toj temi u jenskom periodu, posebno u vezi sa Fihteom i Spinozom; članak, zatim, iznosi Hegelovo poimanje policije kao međusklopa onog opšteg u njegovoj poznoj političkoj filozofiji, zajedno sa njegovim obrađivanjem uznemiravajućeg problem siromaštva i ološa; i u zaključku, članak dodaje neke generalne primedbe o Hegelovoj policiji, nekad i sad.
famous magazines unknown? Omnipresent in scientific, institutional, political or everyday life, magazines are studied in international scientific literature. It is probably of different interest due to the fact that, behind the apparent homogeneity of the subject matter of the study, a variety of forms, seasons, content and actors are hidden. Sociologists, literates, historians, political analysts and lawyers, among others, have done many. ; Las revistas ¿Famosas desconocidas? Omnipresentes en la vida científica, institucional, política o en el seno de la vida cotidiana, las revistas son objeto de estudio de la literatura científica internacional. De interés dispar probablemente debido al hecho de que detrás de la aparente homogeneidad del objeto de estudio se esconde una pluralidad de formas, temporalidades, contenidos y actores. Sociólogos, literatos, historiadores, analistas políticos y juristas entre otros han realizado numeroso …
In my view, making the case for a specific interpretation of Critical Theory is problematic. Although the term has a prestigious origin stemming from Horkheimer's 1937 paper, Traditional and Critical Theory, given during his term as Director of the Institute for Social Research at Frankfurt University and generating the enthusiasm of its members, the term and the movement associated would be defined and radically redefined not only by subsequent generations but by its very author. One of the merits of the book under discussion is that even before the first chapter an 'Interlude' is presented entitled Arguing for Classical Critical Theory signifying to the reader that Horkheimer got it right when he defined the subject and that it is possible to return to that particular definition after 83 years. This paper challenges Professor Sørensen's claims for the restoration of classical Critical Theory on three levels: the scientific, the historical and the political level. ; Prema mom shvatanju, zastupanje jedne specifične interpretacije kritičke teorije je proble matično. Iako ime kritička teorija ima prestižno poreklo vezano za Horkhajmerov rad iz 1937 Tradicionalna i kritička teorija, ime koje je dato tokom njegovog mandata kao direktora Insti tuta za društvena istraživanja Univerziteta u Frankfurtu, i koje je bilo entuzijastično privha ćeno od strane članova Instituta, samo ime i pokret vezan za njega će biti radikalno redefi nisani, ne samo od strane narednih generacija već i samog autora. Jedna od prednosti knjige o kojoj se ovde diskutuje je da čak i pre prvog poglavlja postoji ,interludijumʻ sa naslovom Argumentovanje u prilog klasičnoj kritičkoj teoriji koje čitaocu sugeriše da je Horkhajmer na ispravan način definisao kritičku teoriju i da je moguće vratiti se toj definiciji posle 83 godi ne. U ovom tekstu preispitujem Serensenove pokušaje restauracije klasične kritičke teorije an tri nivoa: nivou nauke, istorije i politike.
Among the names traditionally considered as event names [NEV], i.e. which can serve as a nucleus for an SN subject to take place, a distinction is made between two types of N. Autonomous NEVs (e.g. concert, avalanche) are sufficient to describe events, while dependent EVOs (e.g. increase, dismantling) require additional information to identify events. The distinction between these two types of N is not the same as that proposed by Grimshaw (1990) between 'simple NOMinals event' and 'complex event NOMinals'. It is established that the distribution between autonomous and dependent EVNs is not based on strictly morphological or syntax properties, and that the semantic structure, i.e. all relevant semantic traits, is not the same for all EVs. The assumption is made that the autonomy or dependence of VNEs may be a condition for the type of event that is descored. ; Two categories of nouns denoting events [ENs], i.e. of nouns which can be the subject of avoir lieu ('take place'), can be distinguished. Autonomous ENs (e.g. concert 'concert', avalanche 'avalanche') provide a sufficient description of events, whereas dependent ENs (e.g. augmentation 'increase', démantèlement 'dismantling'), need a complement to denote events. The distinction between these two categories is not equivalent to the one proposed by Grimshaw (1990), between " simple event nominals " and " complex event nominals ". It is shown that the distribution between autonomous and dependent ENs does not rely on pure syntactic or morphological properties, and that the semantic structure, i.e. the relevant semantic features, is not the same for all ENs. Furthermore, the autonomy or dependency of ENs may determine the ontological type of events denoted by ENs. ; Among the names traditionally considered as event names [NEV], i.e. which can serve as a nucleus for an SN subject to take place, a distinction is made between two types of N. Autonomous NEVs (e.g. concert, avalanche) are sufficient to describe events, while dependent EVOs (e.g. increase, ...
This work is limited to describing the current problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the eastern region of the Prov. de Buenos Aires and formulating an analysis and proposal of alternatives to the problem of long-term financing. The choice of focusing on 'access to finance' is not capricious, but is due to the fact that, after consulting various reports and specialists on the subject, there is a general consensus that small and medium-sized entrepreneurs identify the lack of access to credit as the most important obstacle they encounter in developing their businesses. This, combined with the scale of the sector worldwide, explains why most countries (developed and developing) have programmes specifically addressing SME issues, and why IFIs devote considerable resources to their financing. In other words, the problem of SMEs in Argentina is no different from that of SMEs in Latin America and the world. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Administrativas ; This work is limited to describing the current problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in the eastern region of the Prov. de Buenos Aires and formulating an analysis and proposal of alternatives to the problem of long-term financing. The choice of focusing on 'access to finance' is not capricious, but is due to the fact that, after consulting various reports and specialists on the subject, there is a general consensus that small and medium-sized entrepreneurs identify the lack of access to credit as the most important obstacle they encounter in developing their businesses. This, combined with the scale of the sector worldwide, explains why most countries (developed and developing) have programmes specifically addressing SME issues, and why IFIs devote considerable resources to their financing. In other words, the problem of SMEs in Argentina is no different from that of SMEs in Latin America and the world. ; Este trabajo se limita a describir las problemática actual de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas de la Región Este de la Prov. de Buenos Aires y ...
A ideia de Sujeito de Direito é um imperativo da Filosofia do Direito que universaliza os Direitos Humanos. Acontece que o pretenso universalismo não dá conta da realidade. A criação discursiva, histórica e filosófica do sujeito acaba por instaurar um outro sujeito que não frui efetivamente dos direitos do Sujeito de Direito. Esse outro sujeito é incapaz de constituir direitos para si, porque não pode falar em igualdade social. Pensar o discurso de quem não pode falar em igualdade é repensar a própria forma como se produzem e reproduzem as estruturas de dominação que marginalizam e subalternizam sujeitos.
Summary A summary In view of the contents of the Inter-institutional University Social Responsibility (RSU) programme of Mexican higher education institutions, the aim is to reflect on the phenomenic field of building the identities of academics as the place of intersubjective and symbolic articulation from which professional projects come from citizens' projects. This articulation is reviewed here with the meanings of the subject, moral and ethics for an absent contemporary political culture, however necessary to shape the backdrop of some of the university's narratives as an institution of and between public life. It has been assumed that the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur's hermenic philosophy has been raised and transited to the field of philosophical anthropology and social policy. The analysis is guided by the theory of narrative identity (Ricoeur) which opens up the ontological space of care, considers it and the respect of it, which enhances the place from which the identity values of the MSW are asserted for the democratic life of higher education institutions. ; Resumen A cuenta de los contenidos del programa interinstitucional de responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) de las instituciones de educación superior mexicanas, se busca reflexionar en el campo fenoménico de la construcción de las identidades de los universitarios como el lugar de articulación intersubjetiva y simbólica desde donde los proyectos profesionales devienen proyectos ciudadanos. Esta articulación se revisa aquí con los significados del sujeto, la moral y la ética para una cultura política contemporánea ausente y sin embargo necesaria para configurar el telón de fondo de algunas de las narrativas de la universidad como institución de y entre la vida pública. Se ha asumido levantar y transitar por un andamiaje de la filosofía hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur hacia el campo de la antropología filosófica y la política social. El análisis queda orientado por la teoría de la identidad narrativa (Ricoeur) que apertura el espacio ontológico ...
Paulo Freire was concerned about an education that would cater for the people, who were emerging as political subjects and also from their history, along the democratic openness that Brazil was going through. He made a strategic interpretation of European sources and their tradition. In order to formulate a theory on human beings, he held a critical dialogue with existentialism, Marxism, phenomenology, and the School of Frankfurt. The aim of this work is to analyze the category of critical consciousness in this anthropological model, its implications and links to other key categories within the model. We propose to carry out this examination by means of dialogues and debates with the central issues of Latin American philosophical thinking, which account for the main emancipatory processes in Latin America, and allow us to disrupt Eurocentrical philosophy. We thus consider that our approach, from the perspective of critical Latin American thinking, will allow for a more comprehensive understanding of one of Freire's main concerns: the constant struggle for an education that is free of alienation and that respects the "ontological vocation of human beings to be more". ; Paulo Freire, preocupado por una educación que salga al encuentro del pueblo que estaba emergiendo como sujeto político y de su historia, en la apertura democrática que atravesaba Brasil, avanzó hacia una lectura estratégica de fuentes europeas y de su tradición. Entabló un diálogo crítico, para la construcción de una teoría del ser humano, con el existencialismo, marxismo, fenomenología y la Escuela de Frankfurt. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es analizar la categoría de conciencia crítica presente en este modelo antropológico, sus implicancias y relaciones con otras categorías fundamentales del mismo. Esta indagación la proponemos en diálogo y debate con las problemáticas centrales del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano, que dan cuenta de los principales procesos de emancipación de América Latina, y nos permiten operar interrupciones a la filosofía de raíz eurocéntrica. En consecuencia, consideramos que nuestro enfoque, desde una perspectiva del pensamiento latinoamericano crítico, nos permitirá una comprensión más acabada de una de las preocupaciones que atraviesan toda la obra de Freire: la constante lucha por una educación libre de alienación, que respete la "vocación ontológica del ser humano de ser más". ; Paulo Freire, preocupado com uma educação que saia ao encontro do povo que estava emergindo como sujeito político e de sua história, na abertura democrática que atravessava o Brasil, avançou em direção a uma leitura estratégica de fontes europeias e de sua tradição. Encetou um diálogo crítico, para a construção de uma teoria do ser humano, com o existencialismo, marxismo, fenomenologia e a Escola de Frankfurt. O objetivo de nosso trabalho é analisar a categoria de consciência crítica presente neste modelo antropológico, suas implicâncias e relações com outras categorias fundamentais dele. Esta indagação propomo-la em diálogo e debate com as problemáticas centrais do pensamento filosófico latino-americano, que dão conta dos principais processos de emancipação da América Latina, e nos permitem operar interrupções à filosofia eurocêntrica. Por consequência, consideramos que nosso enfoque, desde uma perspectiva do pensamento latino-americano crítico, permitir-nos-á uma compreensão mais acabada de uma das preocupações que atravessam toda a obra de Freire: a constante luta por uma educação livre de alienação que respeite a "vocação ontológica do ser humano de ser mais".
on the occasion of the centenary of the law governing them, the associations have been the subject of numerous analyses in France. CA Report reported on a three-year survey of volunteers from Restaurants du Cœur in Paris, as well as the results of a questionnaire sent to the activists of Amnesty International. It compares the ways in which these two major associations are involved, both in terms of the characteristics of their members and in terms of how they operate, in order to see whether a category which could be described as altruism can be reconstituted in the reasons for them. The analysis shows that while volunteering in Restos du Cœur and activism in Amnesty belong to radically different ways of engagement, the representations of the other and the generosity on which they are based combine in the same way pecarism and universalism. ; À l'occasion du centenaire de la loi qui les régit, les associations ont fait l'objet en France de nombreuses analyses. Ca Cahier rend compte d'une enquête menée pendant trois ans auprès de bénévoles des Restaurants du Cœur à Paris, ainsi que des résultats d'un questionnaire envoyé aux militants d'Amnesty international. Il compare les modes d'engagement dans ces deux grandes associations, tant sur le plan des caractéristiques propres à leurs membres que sur leurs modalités d'action, afin de voir si l'on peut reconstituer, dans les motifs qui les animent, une catégorie que l'on pourrait qualifier d'altruiste. L'analyse montre que si le bénévolat aux Restos du Cœur et le militantisme à Amnesty ressortissent à des modalités d'engagement radicalement différentes, les représentations de l'autre et de la générosité sur lesquelles ils se fondent combinent de la même façon particularisme et universalisme.
