Suchergebnisse

Elections are the most important pillar of democracy. A voter's behaviour is influenced by many parameters that can turn the outcome of the election. Many constituencies follow a certain voting pattern. The voters of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, have often been categorized as having an anti-incumbency sentiment, where the ruling party has often switched in every consecutive election. However, there seems to be a gradual shift in this sentiment. This paper presents a case on the relaxation of the anti-incumbency sentiment by analyzing the voting data across the constituencies in the five elections of the last two decades. Some aspects which could have contributed to this voting behaviour are also discussed.

The Organisation for Eelam Refugees Rehabilitation is promoting solar energy in all the refugee camps in Tamil Nadu with the aim of encouraging those returning to Sri Lanka to take the commitment and technology with them. Adapted from the source document.

Until Independence, then, and well after that in Tamil Nadu, intermediaries and owners were bound to the political authority by two major types of tenure or revenue obligation, the Zamindari and the ryotwari, and between these intervened a series of other variations in tenures. These tenurial systems were self-perpetuating served to impose and maintain a semi-feudal structure that and survived into Independence. After the transfer of power and during the transition, many holders consolidated their lands into large tracts or estates. They made sure that they were not dislodged from the pedestal of high authority which they had long enjoyed in relation to their vassals. Thus, in 1948, there were 5092 estates extending over 11439.28 square miles.8 These estates included all Zamins, under-tenure and inams in the State. Apart from these, there were 13,565 minor inamdari villages. Many other intermediary systems also obtained in the State at the time of Independence. These estates resisted the effort of the new Government to correct the inequity of the existing land systems. As the estate-owners disposed of vast tracts of land which they could not themselves cultivate, there was a certain amount of neglect in their function. As they did not have to pay large amounts of revenue, there was no incentive to increase productivity. On the other hand, there was inefficient management of these lands with the result that the production of essential commodities began to decline. In the event, the peasants and tenant cultivators were the real sufferers as they had to pay their share of the produce to their immediate masters irrespective of the size of the harvest. Feudalism had reached the limits of its resilience and the situation was explosive on the eve of Independence.

India is the largest producer of banana in the world. In India Banana ranks second next to Mango in area and production, occupying an area of about 83 lakh hectares with an annual production of 46.26 lakh tons. The important banana growing states are Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, West Bengal, Bihar and Gujarat. However, the present production of banana in the country is highly inadequate. It is estimated that, the present annual per capita consumption of banana in India is 50 kg per head which is very low compared with other progressive banana growing countries such as Jamaica, Congo, Equator, Kenya and Uganda. Thus there is an immense scope of increasing banana production in the country. By quality control, improvement in yield and reduction in postharvest losses, it is possible for India to account for 10 % of world export. The immediate need for capturing this market for banana is to be cost competitive. The fruits are more protective and qualitative food in the human diet. They are rich in carbohydrates, sugar, vitamins, organic acids and minerals and these ingredients have an important place in the human dietary system. Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the health and nutritive benefits of eating more fresh fruit like banana. The potential for banana consumption increases based on health reasons. Bananas are the main fruit in international trade and the most popular one in the world. Bananas are very delicate commodity on economic, social, environmental and political grounds. The share of banana trade in world banana production increased slightly in the last decades [from around 18% in the sixties and seventies to over 22% in the 1990s and 2000s]. The banana industry is a very important source of income, employment and export earnings for major banana exporting countries, mainly in developing countries. To cope up with the increasing demands the area of banana cultivation is also expanding. In this situation it is necessary to assess the banana area, production and ...

While analysing the independent relationship between groundwater irrigation and the rural poverty, the results of the study had shown that there is a significant inverse relationship between the incidence of rural poverty and groundwater irrigated area. In most states where today the incidence of poverty is high, irrigation is on the low side, with significant potentiality for its extension. Therefore the development of irrigation not only increases the production and productivity of agricultural commodities but also helps to reduce the level of poverty. A long-term policy should be formulated to utilize the untapped irrigation potential of the state.