Suchergebnisse

Two major waves of US immigration -- 1869-1924 & 1965-1993 -- are compared in terms of the ethnic diversification they produced & the racial conflicts that resulted in the major immigrant-receiving cities, drawing primarily on daily microfilm accounts from the New York Times of racial/ethnic collective action, both violent & nonviolent, in 76 large urban areas. It is theorized that the surge in immigration created collective mobilization among whites against people of color, spurred by increased competition for scarce resources (especially economic opportunities), which often resulted in racial violence. During the first wave, immigrants reshaped the country's ethnic national identity & reinforced the long-standing white/nonwhite racial dichotomy. During the second wave, it is contended that immigration itself, particularly the size of the immigration population, was no longer the primary cause of ethnic conflict; rather, racial diversity caused "white ethnic" immigrants to band together & seek assimilation into the native white population against immigrants of color, further cementing white/nonwhite boundaries. This is demonstrated by the increase in acts of violence against blacks & decrease in those directed at Asians during this second period. Characteristics of racial/ethnic conflicts across both periods are examined, including the size of events, level of violence, degree of organization, & participant groups; the impact of ethnic diversity on racial conflict remained positive & significant, supporting competition theory. Implications for contemporary racial relations are discussed, suggesting that, since racial/ethnic boundaries are maintained by social constructs, based largely on status & power hierarchies, there is the possibility that they can be changed. 5 Tables, 2 Figures, 81 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

This article examines the immigration issue in the United States in a comparative and (to a lesser degree) historical context. It begins by stepping back and examining broader immigration patterns, first to the United States and then to Canada and select European countries. It then moves on to the issue of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S., their numbers, motivations for travelling to the United States, past efforts to address unauthorized immigration, and developments since the onset of the 2008-present recession. Finally, the article concludes by reflecting on the possibilities, and limitations, surrounding President Obama's -- indeed, any president's -- attempts to end unauthorized immigration to the U.S. and to bring some closure to the debate about what to do with those already there. It makes a qualified case, given how unappealing the alternative is, for legalization and a temporary workers program. Adapted from the source document.

Upto the end of the nineteenth century Germany was a country of emigrants. Until recently the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century transatlantic migration of more than five million Germans, mostly to North America, has been largely forgotten in contemporary Germany, except by a few historians. That is all the more true for the mass movement of foreign migrant workers into the German labor market in the decades preceding World War I. Of immediate interest in West Germany today is the so-called "guest-worker question" (Gastarbeiterfrage) which is now becoming an immigration issue in contrast to the earlier "foreign-worker question" in pre-World War I Germany. In recent years West Germany witnessed the transition from a country hiring "guest workers" to one possessing a genuine immigrant minority. This ongoing experience has contributed to a new interest in the historical development of transnational migration in both of its manifestations, as emigration and as immigration. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Germany experienced alternating waves of the two forms of transnational mass migration, both of which were dwarfed by the internal migration streams.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Rethinking Assimilation -- 2. Assimilation Theory, Old and New -- 3. Assimilation in Practice: The Europeans and East Asians -- 4. Was Assimilation Contingent on Specific Historical Conditions? -- 5. The Background to Contemporary Immigration -- 6. Evidence of Contemporary Assimilation -- 7. Conclusion: Remaking the Mainstream -- Notes -- Index.

This paper examines the relationship between intra-industry trade and immigration flows using gravity model for the period 1995-2008 between United States and NAFTA, European Union and ASEAN. Our results show that the stock of immigration has a positive effect on intra-industry trade. We conclude that the immigration contributes to decrease the costs of transport costs ant this promotes the IIT. We examine this topic with static and dynamic panel data approach to test country-specific characteristics.

In an important new application of sociological theories, Nadia Y. Flores-Yeffal offers fresh insights into the ways in which social networks function among immigrants who arrive in the United States from Mexico without legal documentation. She asks and examines important questions about the commonalities and differences in networks for this group compared with other immigrants, and she identifies "trust" as a major component of networking among those who have little if any legal protection.Revealing the complexities behind social networks of international migration, Migration-

Dale Hanson Bourke sheds light on the terms, history and legal issues shaping the debate over immigration. With an even-handed presentation of the most controversial issues, she provides a framework for American Christians who wish to understand the complexity of the issue and the church's appropriate response.

SPECIAL IMMIGRATION SITUATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES; SPECIAL IMMIGRATION SITUATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; CONTENTS; PREFACE; Chapter 1: IRAQI AND AFGHAN SPECIAL IMMIGRANT VISA PROGRAMS; Chapter 2: TEMPORARY PROTECTED STATUS: CURRENT IMMIGRATION POLICY AND ISSUES; Chapter 3: SPECIAL IMMIGRANT JUVENILES: IN BRIEF; Chapter 4: UNACCOMPANIED ALIEN CHILDREN: POTENTIAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RECENT IMMIGRATION; Chapter 5: REFUGEE ADMISSIONS AND RESETTLEMENT POLICY; Chapter 6: ASYLUM AND "CREDIBLE FEAR" ISSUES IN U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY; INDEX.