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Nowhere is the urban challenge more starkly evident than in Asia. Many cities lack data and information on urban conditions and trends, which has undermined their ability to understand and manage the complex forces of urban growth and change.

Nowhere is the urban challenge more starkly evident than in Asia. Many cities lack data and information on urban conditions and trends, which has undermined their ability to understand and manage the complex forces of urban growth and change.

"Lecture Notes in Urban Economics and Urban Policy provides a wide-ranging introduction to urban economics and urban policy by Professor John Yinger, one of the world's leading scholars in urban economics. It draws on his extensive teaching and publication record to provide detailed lecture notes for both a PhD level course in urban economics and a master's level course in urban policy. Both the US and the world populations are becoming more and more urbanized, and these notes are designed to help scholars learn and teach about the factors that determine urban residential structure and that lead to urban problems such as inadequate housing, concentrated poverty, an inequitable distribution of local public services, racial and ethnic discrimination in housing, and traffic congestion. Although these notes focus on the US, many of the lessons in the notes apply to other countries as well. They also draw on Professor Yinger's extensive teaching experience and publication record in urban economics and should prove useful to many scholars who want to teach about or study urban areas."--

Sozioökonomische und demographische Fragen.

Themen: Wissensgewinn und besser informiert zu werden hat persönliche Priorität; Interesse an anderen Kulturen; Wunsch nach Verbesserung der Position im Leben; Ausstattung der Wohnung (Elektrizität aus dem öffentlichen Netz oder von einem einzelnen Generator, fließendes Wasser, Warmwasser, Wasserspeicher, Innentoilette, Außentoilette, Gas zum Kochen/Heizen, Telefon, TV, Radio, PC (Desktop und/oder Laptop), Internetzugang).

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (Geburtsdatum, kategorisiert); Familienstand; höchster Bildungsgrad des Befragten und des Hauptverdieners; aktueller Erwerbsstatus und Beruf des Befragten und des Hauptverdieners; Muttersprache; andere Sprache(n); Selbsteinschätzung der Sprachkenntnisse in Englisch (Verstehen); Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (offen und kategorisiert).

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Fragebogen-ID; Stadt; Distrikt; Anzahl der Rückrufe; Interview begleitet von einem Superviser; Interviewdatum (Tag); Interviewbeginn und Interviewende; Befragter wurde wiederkontaktiert; Gewichtungsfaktor.

Sozioökonomische und demographische Fragen.

Themen: Wohnstatus; Ausstattung der Wohnung (Elektrizität aus dem öffentlichen Netz oder von einem einzelnen Generator, fließendes Wasser, Warmwasser, Wasserspeicher, Innentoilette, Außentoilette, Gas zum Kochen/Heizen, Telefon, TV, Radio, PC (Desktop und/oder Laptop), Internetzugang).

Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Familienstand; höchster Bildungsgrad des Befragten und des Hauptverdieners; aktueller Erwerbsstatus und Beruf des Befragten und des Hauptverdieners; Muttersprache; andere Sprache(n); Selbsteinschätzung der Sprachkenntnisse in Englisch (Verstehen); Haushaltsnettoeinkommen.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Fragebogen-ID; Stadt; Gewichtungsfaktoren.

An "urban" definition of public policy problems raises great difficulties for the policy maker. If we emphasize implementation as a primary factor in evaluating public policy, we have good grounds for questioning the wisdom of an urban perspective. But urban questions have been and still are major areas of concern in public policy formulation. The ALP federal platform contains a long section on urban policies, reiterating what the Department of Urban and Regional Development (DURD) was striving to achieve under the Whitlam Government. At state level, urban problems have been tackled with varying degrees of success and seriousness, although at this level overall urban perspectives tend to be ignored, for reasons we shall indicate. However urban planning authorities have been tried in most capital cities, and metropolitan plans have been drawn up for all of them. They have concentrated mainly on land use and urban form. By the 1970s a common criticism of such planning was that it left aside many social and economic aspects of urban growth. For example, one (admittedly partisan) government source—the N.S.W. Department of Decentralization and Development—noted "a massive and increasing trend towards socio‐economic segregation":…the remoteness of central city facilities …the cost of commuter transport and the inadequacy of community facilities in low‐income outer suburbs are operating to perpetuate economic under‐privilege.

Urban policy is unlikely to be a major concern of the Bush administration in the near future. Some of the reasons for this outlook are offered in this article, including the nature of Bush's electoral support and the benefits those constituencies receive from the allegedly natural workings of the "invisible hand" and the "invisible foot." Some countervailing tendencies are noted. A broader view of urban concerns is called for, a view that would lead toward a domestic policy with an urban consciousness.

This study submits to our attention some qualitative and quantitative aspects related to urban and semi urban habitat from the former Arad County in the eighteenth century. If in 1715 there were 6 market towns, at the end of the century were already 15. Based on the conscriptions, urbariums and census, I have tried to detect the evolution of market towns during the entire eighteenth century. Reform policy of the Habsburg absolutism has determined even an economic and demographic increase in the market towns of Arad County. Between those 15 market towns of the county existing in 1787 only Arad had obvious urban characteristics. Here was concentrated 6.15% of the county population. By comparison with other counties from Transylvania and Hungary, I have pursued to dignify and quantify different aspects of the urbanization degree in the Arad County registered in the eighteenth century. The development of market towns in Arad County has had the same evolution with those of Central and Eastern Europe, because the agrarian character of these localities was predominant. The evolution towards urbanization was evident along the eighteenth century both in terms of population growth and a great social mobility and also in light of the economic and municipal development. The transformations in the direction of modernization registered during the eighteenth century were the basement of the future process of urbanization of Arad County in the century that has followed.

Gründe für die geographische Mobilität der amerikanischen
Bevölkerung.

Themen: Informationssuche und Entscheidungsprozeß vor dem Umzug;
Beschreibung der vorherigen Wohnung; generelle Einstellung zum Umzug;
Anzahl und Distanz der bisherigen Umzüge; Nachbarschaft; soziale
Bindungen; Ortsverbundenheit und Zufriedenheit mit der Wohngegend;
Informiertheit über die staatliche Wohnungsbauförderung; Einstellung zum
Hausbesitz; Selbsteinschätzung der sozialen Schicht und vermutete
Schichtzugehörigkeit der Nachbarn; festgestellte Abwanderungen aus der
Nachbarschaft; soziale Herkunft; Mitgliedschaft in Organisationen und
Vereinen; Mietkosten; Einkaufsgewohnheiten.

Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Familienzusammensetzung; Kinderzahl;
Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung;
soziale Herkunft; Mediennutzung.

Interviewerrating: Kooperationsbereitschaft des Befragten; Anwesenheit
anderer Personen; Beurteilung des Hauses und der Wohnungseinrichtung.