Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART ONE INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- 1 Observations on the Social Dimension in Jordan's Approach to Development -- 2 Jordan's Income Distribution in Retrospect -- 3 Determinants of Inequality in Economic Development -- PART TWO MEASUREMENTS OF WAGE AND INCOME DIFFERENTIALS -- 4 Economic Inequality in Jordan, 1973-1986 -- 5 Wage Distribution Among Private Sector Workers Subject to Social Security Regulations -- 6 Male-Female Wage Differentiation by Economic Activity and Education -- 7 Income Distribution and Its Social Impact in the Occupied Territories -- PART THREE POLICY ISSUES -- 8 The Poverty Line in Jordan -- 9 Social Security Scheme and Income Distribution -- 10 Health Care Expenditure and Its Impact on Income Groups -- Appendix A: Statistical Appendix -- Appendix B: Jordan's Economy-Some Basic Facts -- Bibliography -- About the Editors and Authors.

In determining the optimal redistribution of a given population's income, we ask which factor is more important: the social planner's aversion to inequality, embedded in an isoelastic social welfare function indexed by a parameter alpha, or the individuals' concern at having a low relative income, indexed by a parameter beta in a utility function that is a convex combination of (absolute) income and low relative income. Assuming that the redistribution comes at a cost (because only a fraction of a taxed income can be transferred), we find that there exists a critical level of beta below which different isoelastic social planners choose different optimal allocations of incomes. However, if beta is above that critical level, all isoelastic social planners choose the same allocation of incomes because they then find that an equal distribution of incomes maximizes social welfare regardless of the magnitude of alpha.

The study reveals the causes of inequality of income distribution in high-income countries. In the research, the macroeconomic factors affecting income distribution such as economic growth rate, inflation, unemployment, globalization, technology and public revenues are considered as independent variables. The gini coefficient, which is one of the methods of measuring income inequality, is considered as dependent variable. Dummy variable is also included as an independent variable to the model to eliminate the effects of the global crisis that started in the United States in 2008 and spread all over the world. In the study, which is based on the 2008-2015 period, high-income countries are considered and the factors affecting income distribution are examined by panel data analysis. According to the findings of analysis, it is seen that inflation, economic growth, unemployment and public revenues increase income inequality in high income countries and economic globalization contributes to the improvement of income distribution in these countries. The shadow variable added to the model is also statistically significant. This shows that the crisis has a negative effect on income distribution in high-income countries.

This review covers a range of measures and methods frequently employed in the empirical analysis of global income inequality and global income distribution. Different determinant factors along with the quantification of their impacts and empirical results from different case studies are presented. A number of issues crucial to the study of global income inequality are also addressed. These are the concepts, measurement and decomposition of inequality, the world distribution of income and inequality measured at different levels of aggregation:global, international and intra-national. We analyze income at each of these levels, discuss the benefits and limitations of each approach and present empirical results found in the literature and compare them with those based on the World Income Inequality Database. Research on world income inequality supports increased awareness of the problem, its measurement and quantification, the identification of causal factors and policy measures that affect global income inequality.