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Racism has been on the rise since the international financial crisis began in 2008. Marxism argues that far from being a hangover from medieval ideas, racism developed alongside science and the Enlightenment. Modern ideas of race originated in the Atlantic slave trade and the growth of capitalism. The article describes the evolution of racist ideas through periods of slavery, empire and immigration. It looks at whether people who suffer racism can unite with those who do not. It examines racial identity and the boundaries of race, nation and religion.

AbstractThe article considers three interlocking ways in which we can understand the concurrence of anti‐racism and anti‐casteism in the Indian diaspora. First, at the level of experience—of UK activists and campaigners—it has been found that the concurrence of anti‐racism and anti‐casteism is not conclusively determined at this level. Second, by a juxtaposition of the conceptual apparatus of 'caste' and 'race' the article considers the fault lines—illuminating or obfuscating—that appear in conceptualising anti‐casteism as a form of anti‐racism. Here, the sociality of caste is found to be important, the operation of racialisation underpinning anti‐racist practice. Finally, by considering the legal apparatus available in a given jurisdiction (UK), the article evaluates the feasibility of measures that might facilitate the actualising of anti‐casteism as a form of anti‐racism through the practice of litigation to allow a pragmatic capturing of the experience of casteism as a form of racism.

Indigenous Australians constitute approximately 2.4% of the Australian population and suffer from disadvantage across a range of social, economic, and health indicators compared to other Australians, including exposure to racism across all domains of contemporary Australian society. However, there has been relatively little research conducted on anti‐racism in relation to Indigenous Australians. This article begins with an overview of theoretical issues pertinent to the empirical study and public policy of anti‐racism. Empirical findings, from social psychology, on effective approaches to anti‐racism at the cognitive, individual, interpersonal, and societal level as well as for the targets of racism are detailed with a particular focus on Indigenous Australians. Recommendations for improving and expanding institutional and legal policies to implement these approaches in relation to education and child‐rearing, public service, law enforcement and media, as well as monitoring racism and promoting anti‐racism in civil society, are then presented. To conclude, strategies for engendering political will to combat racism in the current neoliberal capitalist climate are explored.

Indigenous Australians constitute approximately 2.4% of the Australian population & suffer from disadvantage across a range of social, economic, & health indicators compared to other Australians, including exposure to racism across all domains of contemporary Australian society. However, there has been relatively little research conducted on anti-racism in relation to Indigenous Australians. This article begins with an overview of theoretical issues pertinent to the empirical study & public policy of anti-racism. Empirical findings, from social psychology, on effective approaches to anti-racism at the cognitive, individual, interpersonal, & societal level as well as for the targets of racism are detailed with a particular focus on Indigenous Australians. Recommendations for improving & expanding institutional & legal policies to implement these approaches in relation to education & child-rearing, public service, law enforcement & media, as well as monitoring racism & promoting anti-racism in civil society, are then presented. To conclude, strategies for engendering political will to combat racism in the current neoliberal capitalist climate are explored. References. Adapted from the source document.