Suchergebnisse

This work focused on the measurements of signal strength level of two major Frequency Modulated (FM) radio station; Passion FM ,94.5MHz and Atlantic FM, 104.5MHz which are both located in Uyo Akwa Ibom State with latitude and longitude (4.9057°N, 7.8537°E) respectively. The measurements were carried out across the major cities in the 31 local governments, by picking the most notable and important locations. A digital spectrum analyzer (GW-INSTEK) GSP-730 with Frequency range of 150 KHz – 3 GHz was used to measure the signal strength level and mobile GPS meter for location (altitude, longitude and latitude measurements). The parameters obtained were used to determine the coverage areas of the two FM radio stations studied in Akwa Ibom State. The obtained results showed a varied signal loss with the distance from the transmitting antenna, which is the implication of the configuration of FM radio transmitters in Akwa Ibom State.

Water infrastructure development is key to attaining sustainable development, especially for water supply, sanitation and health, agricultural development, and energy production. However, sub-Saharan African countries face specific challenges around infrastructure financing, systemic and repeated malfunctioning, and decentralised infrastructure types. Using Nigeria as a case, this article aims to analyse historical water infrastructure development in Nigeria with a specific focus on dams and standpipes. Seven themes are discussed: infrastructure divisions ; deprioritising water supply ; political infrastructures ; infrastructure failure and sustainability ; infrastructure classification and typologies ; optimal use of water resources and infrastructure ; and a commentary on the future of water infrastructure development. The article concludes with policy and research suggestions for policymakers and other relevant stakeholders.

Nigeria is a developing country with varied developmental challenges. It has one of the worst maternal and child healthcare (MCH) indices, globally. The media, as a vital element within the society, has the potential to contribute to improving MCH through appropriate framing and communication of MCH issues. Achieving media inclusion poses a challenge as media contents are often products of varied power relations. Extant studies have established that health is often not primed in Nigerian newspapers where politics and business hold sway. News media contents are also influenced by varied factors which exists both within and outside of news media organisations. Premised on sociology of news as critical perspective, this study examines power relations in newspaper representation of MCH issues in Nigeria. Combining content analysis of MCH-related stories in newspapers with in-depth interview of newspaper health editors, it explores factors and underlying reasons driving coverage of MCH. It finds that government, local and international aid agencies, and civil societies often influence coverage of MCH issues. These groups drive media representation of MCH through established journalistic routine and reporter-source relations, often favouring priming of official news sources and 'powerful' elements within the society, as a necessity for maximising limited news media resources. This paper identifies various forms in which these groups manipulates media representation of MCH, urging the media to be more proactive in driving agenda for improved MCH for the citizenry, and not accede to satisfying peculiar interests over public interest.

The study examines the influence of internal control system on small scale enterprises sustainable development. The specific objective is to determine the influence of organizational structure and recruitment of personnel in small scale enterprises on their net profit margin. The study adopted survey design. Questionnaires were employed for gathering primary data and secondary data was obtained from the books of account. The researcher employed the purposive sampling technique in selecting participants for the study. Linear regression technique was employed as the basic statistical tool for data analyses in this study, with the aid of SPSS 20.0 software. We discovered significant relationship between organizational structures and recruitment of personnel in small scale enterprises and net profit margin. We recommend that there should be no fusion of personality between the owner of the business and the business. This will encourage the business owner to have good organization structure. Once there is separation of duties among the personnel, it will induce efficient and effective internal control in the organization.

Cultural landscapes are historical documents in the natural and built environment. They are memorable spaces imbued with the "spirit of place" despite the negative effects of modernization on them. The cultural landscapes of the Yoruba occupying the South-Western Nigeria can be perceived to be no less significant in this regard. In a time-series and at varying spatial scales, they represent the civilization periods of the Yoruba nation as a continuum. The study aims to understand and analyze the significance of these cultural landscapes as solidified time in space. Analysis of qualitative data reveals a time–space significance of the landscapes. The study concludes with recommendations on the strict enforcement of traditional conservation strategies like mythological approaches and legal frameworks that have been effectively used in the past toward the sustainability of the landscapes.

This study examined principal risks affecting performance in the Nigeria's east-west coastal highway project. The objective was to identify critical risks and their allocation preference. The study involved a two tier descriptive research processes. The first stage involved 10 high profile engineering design consultants and 6 projects managers, and the second stage was a survey of 66 construction/projects managers in Akwa Ibom and Rivers states, Nigeria. During the first stage, respondents were presented with a risk register containing 245 risk factors relating to the pre-construction stages to determine their applicability in the project. In the second phase, critical risks were ranked for degree of impact and likelihood of occurrence. Risk matrix was used to map risk impact and probability. Among the high impact/probability risk factors are government lack of political will; change in government, and corruption. 66% of the risks are allocated to contractor while the client bears only 34%. To ensure smooth delivery of the project, the study advocates the allocation of all policy; economic, financial, social, environmental, and technological risks to the client based on their shifting nature and existing contractual practice. The study provides an in-depth risk analysis and a comprehensive risk register for managing risks apparent in the project

The tripartite quality of buildings that qualify as architectural products has been traditionally held to be serviceability, stability and aesthetics. Unfortunately, the Nigerian built environment has lost the stability component of this trio with attendant socio-economic, political and cultural negative outcomes. This is obvious from the reported cases of building collapses in the country. While the literature is replete with numerous studies on the subject matter, the interaction of this spatial problem with medical practice has been grossly neglected. This review paper presents a medico-spatial dimension of building collapse towards understanding its implications on the medical practice, people and places. Through the aid of literature resources, results show multiple interactions among these key variables. The paper enumerates and argues in favour of holistic solutions and asserts that medical professionals should be co-opted as major stakeholders in the formulation, review and enforcement of the National Building Code in Nigeria and elsewhere.

Consequent upon the need of Arab – Muslim rulers to acquire information such as would assist in handling commercial and political relations with some Islamic empires situated at Africa South of Sahara, Arab geography and history developed in the 7th Century. Arab geographers, travellers, and traders produced a corpus of literary works in Arabic, which later became the primary source of early African historiography. In spite of the tremendous significance of these Arabic writings, to the reconstruction of African history, with particular reference to Kanem Borno, some limitations abound in the works, borne out of technical reasons. This has made the writings to be scarcely considered for historical materials sensu stricto. This paper examines some of the technical problems associated with these literary writings in historiographical perspectives as it relates to Kanem Borno Empire.

Since 1965, the United Nations has underscored the vital role of human settlements management in creating a sustainable living environment, stating that the building of houses alone does not bring the desired change, as it does not significantly improve the living conditions of both low- and middle-income households (UN, 1969: vi). However, there is still a global challenge of depreciating human settlements, particularly in developing countries, despite several novel policies and programmes. This article reports the results of a study done to propose a framework that could be of assistance to the human settlements management function in Nigeria and South Africa. With a dearth of literature on human settlements management, literature on property, facility, housing and urban management was reviewed to develop a quantitative questionnaire for identifying factors that influence human settlements management, as perceived by stakeholders in the private or public sectors of human settlements management. Two constructs (management [10 factors with 51 measurements] and sustainable management [5 factors with 25 measurements]), measured on a 5-point Likert scale, test and rate each factor's influence on human settlements management. Based on the findings, legal, political/policy, socio-economic, organisational, physical, human resource, technological, environmental, and ethical/moral factors form the basis of the proposed framework. The latter may assist human settlements managers in their role of managing human settlements for sustainability.