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Although the diffusion of policy innovations can promote sustainability, how this process can be accelerated remains unclear. I address this gap by conceptualizing policy transfer and policy diffusion using the multiple streams framework (MSF) and developing hypotheses to connect them. I apply this theorization to explain the limited spread of the energy conservation building code (ECBC) in India by combining a process trace of policy adoption in the embedded case of Andhra Pradesh with a dyadic event history analysis of state‐level diffusion during 2012‐18. The data for this study are collated from official statistics, elite interviews, news reports, policy documents, and secondary literature. The qualitative analysis shows that policy transfer to Andhra Pradesh occurred when external influence and prior adoption elsewhere were used by a policy entrepreneur to exploit a window of opportunity and couple problem, policy, and politics in the state; the dyadic analysis demonstrates that policy diffusion was influenced by the interaction among the structural characteristics of the problem, policy, and politics streams. I conclude with the implications for research on policy diffusion and the MSF as well as the relevance of the findings for promoting policy innovation for a sustainable energy transition.

Political science as a subject is integral to the development of sensible and patriotic citizens, yet it is not given the attention it deserves in the Indian education system. Solidified by the findings of field research conducted in five schools that cater to India's middle-income bracket (the largest segment of the population), this research paper brings forth the reluctance of over 92% of the representative sample to undertake education in a discipline as important as political science- a distressing figure indeed. The sample involved random selection of students of grade 11 in the five schools mentioned herewith; qualitative research was obtained through anonymous questionnaires allowing a safe space for truthful responses, and quantitative data were obtained through access to the schools' records pertaining to subject selection for grades 11-12. This paper will highlight some of the current deficiencies in the system, undertake a comparative study of how it stands vis-à-vis those of European countries, and arrive at recommendations to the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) on how to improve civic education among high school students in the country, eventually fostering a moral and capable Indian generation.

Swati Goyal Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College & Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaCorrespondence: Swati Goyal D/16 Upant Colony, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462016 Tel +91 9424427774Email swati_97in@yahoo.comAbstract: This review article aims to discuss current trends, techniques, and promising uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in breast imaging, apart from the pitfalls that may hinder its progress. It includes only the commonly used and basic terminology imperative for physicians to know. AI is not just a computerized approach but an interface between humans and machines. Apart from reducing workload and improved diagnostic accuracy, radiologists get more time for patient care or clinical work by using various machine learning techniques that augment their productivity. Inadequate data input with suboptimal pattern recognition, data extraction challenges, legal implications, and exorbitant costs are a few pitfalls that AI algorithms still face while analyzing and giving appropriate outcomes. Various machine learning approaches are used to construct prediction models for clinical decision support and ameliorating patient management. Since AI is still in its fledgling state, with many limitations for clinical implementation, clinical support and feedback are needed to avoid algorithmic errors. Hence, both machine learning and human insight complement each other in revolutionizing breast imaging.Keywords: machine learning, augmented intelligence, ANN, CNN, CAD, GANs

Although India has made significant progress towards the sustainable development goal on energy (SDG 7), further policy innovations are essential for closing the gap, addressing geographic disparities, and harnessing energy for transformative change. Research can support this process by creating policy-relevant knowledge regarding the energy transition, but there is no systematic account of the literature pertaining to energy policy in India to map the research area and suggest key avenues for future research. In this study, I conduct a bibliometric review and computational text analysis of over 2700 publications to identify the key themes, geographies, and public policy concepts (not) examined in the research on energy policy in India. I find that: (i) the literature is dominated by topics in energy supply and less attention is paid to demand-side management, energy efficiency, and electricity distribution; (ii) existing studies have hardly examined subnational policy (-making), especially in the case of eastern and north-eastern India; and (iii) research on both analysis for policy and analysis of policy is limited. I conclude that the current foci lack the breadth and depth necessary for supporting the Indian energy transition and urge scholars to diversify the thematic, geographic, and conceptual engagement in future research.

The stakeholder theory was proposed as a holistic way of managing organizations that acknowledged stakeholders' roles and the firm's fiduciary duty towards them. Despite the theory being firmly rooted in organizational management, trends of published research showcase and stakeholder scholars' rue that the adoption of stakeholder theory in strategic management research has been limited. This study aims to extend our understanding of the constrained endorsement of stakeholder theory in strategic management research by revisiting the theory's origins. We review some of the significant theoretical studies contributing to the theory's growth and development and identify theoretical issues related to considerable debate amongst academicians. Lending legitimacy to our arguments, we also identify and discuss a few recent strategic management studies that still have been developing and building on the initial debates related to the stakeholder theory. The authors believe that addressing these persistent gaps in the theory might further the theory's adoption in strategic management research and practice.

For most people living in rural India having access and control over land is crucial for their livelihood, more so in the case of tribals. This article analyses the nature of the customary land-tenure system in some districts of Jharkhand and Meghalaya and their impact on livelihood patterns, food security and poverty. Based on both secondary and primary data, the article seeks to examine the nature of the customary land-tenure systems in selected scheduled areas; specifically identifying the status of locals versus non-locals in managing land resources and analysing the extent to which women have been able to secure land rights under customary laws. The article concludes that though there are both positive and negative aspects to community and individual ownership of agricultural land, but on the whole the prevailing system does not helping in bettering the conditions of disadvantaged communities.

Abstract"Independent" sex work outside red light areas in big cities in developing countries is an understudied phenomenon. Through a survey of independent sex workers in Delhi, India, this paper sheds light on the governance of independent prostitution. It shows that in the sex work industry, which is informal in nature and faces a complex legal architecture, regulatory intermediaries (RIs) drive both regulation and responsibilization strategies. On behalf of the state, the police act as regulatory intermediaries, implementing hierarchical regulation. In red light areas, sex workers' collectives and solidarity networks operate as RIs on behalf of workers. But in independent sex work, it is pimps who act as intermediaries for workers, driving their responsibilization strategies. Independent sex workers take up the services of pimps even though they charge hefty fees, in large part because pimps can negotiate their protection from the police. I examine several characteristics of the relationships between prostitutes, pimps, clients, and the police, and refine the RIT model of regulatory intermediaries (Abbott et al. 2017) in the context of prostitution in a developing country.