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Purpose of the study: The objective of this study is to analyze the legal framework regarding village funds in Indonesia and analyze the budgeting of some villages in Central Java along with the relation of village funds to their development and poverty. Lastly, this paper will hand over recommendations to solve these problems. Methodology: The research method employed in this legal research is normative-empirical research, whereas the research material used includes primary and secondary data. The primary data is obtained based on field research by conducting interviews with the related respondents, while the secondary data obtained through literature studies of various sources. Main Findings: The authors found out that although with the existence of the village fund, there is still some village that is underdeveloped and there are many poor people. Applications of this study: The findings can be useful as a source to improve the effectiveness of Village Funds, whether for the Central Government or the Village Government. Novelty/Originality of this study: The new findings in this study would advance the existing knowledge in Village Funds, especially its implementation through village expenditure.

A pool of knowledgeable staff is required within middle and senior management for long-term human resources for health (HRH) planning and effective management at all levels of the health system—federal, state, and local. This brief reports on the training by the Population Council, in partnership with the World Health Organization in Nigeria, of 105 key personnel on HRH planning, management, policy dialogue, advocacy, and resourcing for the HRH project "Enhancing the Ability of Frontline Health Workers to Improve Health in Nigeria." Critical HRH-related capacities were built among key Nigerian health system personnel and managers, most significantly in the states of Bauchi and Cross River and within their local government areas. These efforts should facilitate better long-term HRH planning and management in these areas, hopefully leading to improved health outcomes in these states. In addition, the institutional strengthening of a national center for HRH Training and Education, through the sustainability efforts of the HRH project, will continue to build the capacities of healthcare managers and workers throughout Nigeria.

The study analyzed price fluctuation and market performance of maize in Girei Loca[ Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient and simple regression analysis were applied on a random sample of 70 marketers selected for the study using multi-stage random sampling. The objectives of the study are to describe the socio-economic characteristics of marketers, determine the market performance of the marketers, the seasonal price pattern of maize and to identify the problems associated with maize marketing in the study area. The findings revealed that majority (51.40%) of the marketers were male and married and had some form of formal education. The respondents had marketing experience of over five (5) years and used personal savings in their marketing business. On price fluctuation, the study revealed the existence of seasonal variation in the price pattern of maize from 1999-2013 with an average monthly price rise of 64.65 during the 15-year period. The result of the revealed inequality in earning among marketers, an indicator of market imperfection and poor market performance. The study recommended among others that more storage facilities should be built by collective action of the government, nongovernmental organization so as to cushion the effect of seasonal price variation of maize on consumers and marketers

Abstract Introduction Soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumours that are infrequently seen in most surgical practices. They can occur in any anatomic region of the body. The size of a soft tissue sarcoma is an important prognostic variable and so affects the quality of tumour resection. Case presentation A 25-year-old Nigerian African presented with recurrent huge fibrosarcoma measuring about 55 × 40 × 10 cm at his posterior trunk. The patient's clinical condition was poor; the tumour seemed unresectable and the patient looked inoperable. He had an extensive excision of the tumour but could not afford adjuvant therapies. He was discharged home against medical advice but may succumb to metastases. Conclusion Sarcomas in black people can present as extremely large masses; the dilemma in management is not only limited to the delay in presentation but also the poor socio-economic status of the patients and the frequent non-availability of supporting services. Treatment grants or subsidies from government may go a long way to ensuring that patients receive appropriate care.

This study explores the interaction between users and content on the 'Daily Trust Hausa' and 'Vanguard Hausa' cloned pages of the authentic 'Daily Trust' and 'Vanguard' newspapers on Facebook, with a focus on the prevalence of fake news and its implications for media trust. Using a survey methodology with a sample of 400 respondents selected purposively from the postgraduate student population across four public universities in the north-west of Nigeria, namely Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, Bayero University, Kano (BUK) and Usman Dan Fodio University, Sokoto (UDUS), the research examines the frequency of visits, encounters with posts and the users' ability to discern fake news. The findings reveal a high engagement with these pages, yet a significant concern over the authenticity of news articles, leading to a cautious and sceptical approach towards online news sources. The implications of these results are profound, suggesting a need for enhanced content moderation, fact-checking measures and media literacy campaigns, particularly within the Nigerian digital media landscape. The study underscores the importance of journalistic integrity and collaborative efforts to combat misinformation, which is crucial for maintaining public discourse integrity and fostering informed citizenship globally.

Received: 19 April 2024 / Accepted: 23 June 2024 / Published: 8 July 2024

The discussion on firms' sustainability performance has resulted in business organizations becoming more conscious of sustainability issues and implementing strategies to ensure sustainable value propositions. The purpose of this study is to explore strategies that firms could use to develop sustainable value propositions. Through an extensive literature review, the study proposed a conceptual framework and further developed hypotheses suggesting that the strategies such as stakeholder involvement, flexible decision-making, and social and environmental values could influence sustainable value propositions. The hypotheses were tested through quantitative research analysis using data collected from owners/managers in 143 SMEs in the coastal areas of Ghana. The data supported almost all the hypotheses, namely H1, H2, and H5-H8 with T-values and P-values of > 1.96 and < 0.05, respectively. This finding indicates that all three core antecedents of sustainable value propositions contributed 78 percent of variations in the model. However, contrary to expectations, the result also showed that shareholder orientation and employee orientation with T-values and P-values of ˂ 1.96 and ˃ 0.05, respectively, did not support sustainable value propositions resulting in rejecting H3 and H4. Despite this outcome, the study concludes that all three strategies are relevant and valuable to firms in developing sustainable value propositions.
AcknowledgmentThis paper was supported by IGA/FaME/2021/004: SME Innovation Performance, Firm Sustainability performance and Influence of Pandemic on Entrepreneurial wellbeing.

This study was to assess the perception on the contribution of Islamic banks and Islamic windows towards the growth of the Nigerian economy. To document this, data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaires. 379 copies of questionnaires were administered based on the sample size obtained via the use of Taro Yamane formula.367 questionnaires were successfullyretrieved. Variables such as deposit activities, loan activities and perception of bank employees were also adopted as explanatory or independent variable and dependent variable respectively. To support the study hypothesis were also formulated. For the analysis, measures of central tendency (tables, frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics (Logit Regression) were used. The result revealed that the variables (i.e. deposit and loan activities) have a positive impact on the growth of Nigeria's economy because the probability values of the variables (P=0.003 and 0.019) were less than alpha (α =0.05) level of significance. In other words, this implies that Islamic banks and windows have largely supported private consumption, business investments of its customers, aid government spending via sukuk to fund developmental projects of its customers. The study concludes that Islamic banks and windows have contributed towards the growth of the Nigeria's economy. Furthermore, the study recommends that there is need for creating the necessary legal framework to ensure its smooth operations, intensify efforts on creating public awareness, rolling out more shariah compliant products that can take care of the peculiarities that exist in business environment and training and retraining of staff on effective Islamic banking.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat affecting treatment outcome in animals and humans. A pre-requisite for development of AMR reduction strategies is knowledge of antimicrobial use patterns, and how these affect resistance development. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial usage (AMU) and whether such usage was associated with AMR in Salmonella from poultry farms in Northwest Nigeria. ; Published version ; An African Research Leader Award to INO from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Department supports INO for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement that is also Jibril et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2021) 17:234 Page 8 of 10 part of the European Union EDCTP2 programme. The funder had no role in the implementation of the study.

Background: The epidemiologic transition and double disease burden from chronic infections and Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide requires re-engineering of healthcare delivery systems. Healthcare workers (HCWs) need to adapt to new integrated disease management approaches and change from current disease-specific management. Objectives: The study aimed to determine HCWs knowledge, capacity and skills for management of NCDs among HIV patients and their attitudes towards integrated HIV/NCDs disease management approaches for future clinical practice. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey among HCWs attending to HIV patients at selected government facilities. Results: One hundred out of 105 responses were analysed. Only 6% could fully define NCDs. Awareness levels of NCDs were high: Diabetes and hypertension 98%; cancer 96%; cardiovascular diseases 86%. However, 11.8% and 58% classified HIV and malaria respectively as NCDs. Most respondents (88%) believe that integrating HIV/NCDs care would be good use of resources while 62% disagreed with current separate facility management of HIV patients with NCDs. Over 60% routinely screened HIV patients for NCDs risk factors: Smoking (87.2%), alcohol (90.8%), diet (84.9%) and physical activity (73.5%). Conclusion: There were gaps in detailed knowledge on NCDs, but positive attitude towards routine primary care integrated HIV/NCDs management, showing likely support for implementation of such policy.Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, knowledge, attitude, HIV, integration.