Suchergebnisse

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ; This study aims to harness young people's ubiquitous social media use to facilitate language education and explore how mobile devices and social media applications can promote and provide more autonomous, collaborative, motivated, and contextual learning experiences in a Saudi Arabian university setting. Hence, this study is grounded in the tenets of connectivism learning theory of collaboration and autonomy, and a design-based research (DBR) methodological approach, which entails developing solutions to problems and then testing out interventions, has been implemented. The research uses mixed methods approach, in which quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. The groups comprised two classes at a Saudi Arabian university - one with 14 males and the other with 14 females - who participated in a blended learning approach, utilising online educational materials, as well as classroom delivery, as part of the teaching process. The study has drawn on DBR to identify appropriate design principles for use in mobile language learning before investigating the ability of mobile social media applications to facilitate an interactive spontaneous learning environment by exploring whether these technologies can assist EFL students in collaborative learning that takes advantage of students' familiarity with mobile phones, on the one hand, and social media applications, on the other. It was found that providing rich learning opportunities via the use of mobile apps is useful in the Saudi context as there are typically limited language learning opportunities and socio-cultural restrictions concerning face-to-face student interactions especially between genders due to cultural restrictions. Hence, the moderating faculties of social media applications WhatsApp and Instagram allowed a multitude of media to be shared with and between students, who were better able to connect and collaborate. Therefore, the study's findings significantly extend the understanding of mobile learning, demonstrating its capability to offer more out-of-class contextual opportunities in scenarios that are characterised by limited language learning opportunities and socio-cultural restrictions of face-to-face student interactions, particularly in traditionally gender segregated societies such as Saudi Arabia. Moreover, communication between male tutor and female students in this way supports the Saudi government's Vision 2030 program by preparing them for working and further study in mixed environments. Of particular note, students co-contributed to the design change and were motivated and engaged to experience the new learning opportunities afforded through the use of mobile apps, also leading to some improvements in their actual learning. Therefore, this study recommends for 'reforming' EFL education in Saudi Arabia by allowing students' voices to be heard to enhance their contribution to the learning process and meet the needs of the new technologically minded generation. A crucial implication of the study is that independence and autonomy in the practice of learning via social media apps should be encouraged and supported, as while it is contrary to typical approaches to teaching in Saudi Arabia, it was found to be well received by the students in this study. Thus, the findings on the affordance and acceptance of mobile social media applications can facilitate policymaking to counter the authoritarian practices and teaching attitudes prevalent in Saudi higher education. ; Saudi Attaché Cultural Bureau.

ABSTRACT This research examines the terms that meet the community's needs at different times and places. It also discusses the development of the Arabic language, which has been confirmed through the development of judgments and intellectual assiduousness. In this context, there is a significant semantic difference between the two types of mercy. Finally, this research concludes that the Arabic language is rich and abundant in terms' meanings; the environment plays a role in changing the term and developing the language, the importance of legislation in expanding the meaning of the terms, and social customs' effects on changing meanings.

Yüksek Lisans Tezi ; Irak Türklerinin durumunun incelenmesi birçok açıdan önemlidir. Türkmenlerin, Irak'ta üçüncü etnik unsur olmalarına rağmen, haklarında yeterince araştırmanın bulunmadığını söylemek mümkündür. Tarihleri boyunca barışçıl politika izlemeyi tercih eden Türkmenler, istikrar ve barışın sağlanması konusunda bir örnek oluşturmaktadırlar. Osmanlıdan sonra peş peşe gelen Irak yönetimleri tarafından her türlü asimile, katliam ve baskılara maruz kalan Türkmenler, 2003 sonrası demokrasi döneminde de yaşadıkları bu zorluklar son bulmamıştır. Aksine daha da zorlaştığını söylemek mümkündür. Eskiden Araplaştırma politikasıyla karşı karşıya olan Türkmenler bu kez de bölgenin yeniden demografisini değiştirme amaçlı olarak Kürtleştirme politikasıyla karşılaşmışlar. Bağdat ile Erbil arasında yaşanan sorunlar yüzünden Türkmen bölgeleri terör faaliyetlerine açık bir saha olmuştur. Haziran 2014'te ortaya çıkan ve hızlıca yayılan DAEŞ terör örgütü Irak'ta Türkmenlere çok ağır darbeler vurmuştur. Fakat DAEŞ'in Türkmenlere karşı toplu katliam yapması, kadın-çocuğa tecavüz etmesi ve onları kaçırması, bölgelerinin demografisini değiştirme amaçlı onları göçe zorlaması ve hatta bölgelerindeki tarihi eserler dâhil her şeyi yıkıp yerle bir etmesine rağmen, bu konular mahalli ve uluslararası merkez ve örgütler tarafından ele alınmamış ve yeteri kadar da akademik olarak çalışılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada işgal sonrası Irak'ta ortaya çıkan başta terör faaliyetleri ve mezhepsel/etnik çatışmalar, özellikle de DAEŞ terör örgütünün Irak ve Irak Türkmenlerine etkisi, ayrıca Türkmenlerin örgüte karşı göstermiş oldukları mücadele ele alınmıştır. ; Investigating the circumstances of the Iraqi Turks are important in several manners. Despite being the third ethnic community in Iraq, the Turkmens and their situation are not thoroughly researched. The Turkmens, who have preferred to pursue peaceful lifestyle throughout their history, can be taken as an example for ensuring stability and peace. Sufferings of the Turkmen, who have been also ...

Arab world and Middle Eastern region have suffered from wars and conflicts, which have resulted in creating a negative impact on the economy. In the past years, few studies have focused on discussing the impact of democratization in the Middle East and Arab region. The citizens of the Middle East region have suffered from authoritative style of governance. The democratic system is ideal for the Middle East region. It ensures that the basic fundamental rights of the citizens are protected. There are various factors, which provide hindrance in the adaptation of democratic system in both regions. This study explores major problems faced in the implantation of democratization system in the Middle East. Furthermore, the merits and demerits associated with the democratization system have also been highlighted. It has been evaluated that democratization system is beneficial for the Middle Eastern region. The implementation of democratization would be helpful in delivering benefits to the citizens. In a democratic system, the opinion of the public is considered in formulating policies. However, authoritative style of leadership and governess could cause hindrance in delivering benefits to the citizens. Thus, it can be concluded that democratization system is well-suited for Middle East region specifically. Moreover, present political setup or regime has failed to provide facilities to the public. So, public awareness should be created towards a limited democratization system as it has the capability of delivering benefits across all the sectors.

Russia being one of the major super powers in the region not only ceased to view the Middle East as the secondary important player and develop much interest in the region based on its interest and diplomacy. The interventions of Russia in the Middle East started since 2011 where they played their role to secure the regions' interest against the West. However, this influenced deeply the economic and political situation in the Arab world, due to various circumstances. The purpose of the paper is to develop comprehensive understanding towards the rising influence of the Russia and its intervention in the Middle East, based on gaining the political and economic dimensions towards it. The aim of the study is to conduct the critical analysis on the issue by means of gathering secondary data from past studies. The findings of the paper helped in revealing that the fall of the Soviet Union changed the dynamics of the region where much of the political and economic changes have been witnessed due to series of tensions and conflicts. However, since 2011, Russia tried to portray its positive involvement in harmonizing the Middle Eastern conflicts, but the Western conflicts with the communists affected the political scenario of the entire region. The implications involve much emphasis towards playing an influential role in reducing the situation of conflict and war in Syria, Palestine, Yemen and its adjoining areas. The relationship between Iran and Russia are with the common interest to reduce the political involvement of the West in the Central Asia; therefore, it is imperative for Russia to take other major regional powers onboard so that a positive dialogue can be ensured.

The objective of this research is to determine if there is significant relationship between export market orientation (EMO) and export performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Erbil northern Iraq. Quantitative survey method was employed and data were collected from 40 exporting SMEs registered with the Federation of Erbil Manufacturers. Regression analysis, one sample t-test and many other statistics analysis was used to test the relationship between export performance as a dependent variable and export market orientation such as " intelligence generation , intelligence_ dissemination , responsiveness coordinating _mechanism" an independent variable. The finding emphasizes the importance of developing EMO among the owner/managers of SMEs for their success. Those owner/managers that adopt EMO activities in their firms would gain in terms of competitive advantage over their rivals and reap higher export performance. The study limitations and implications are discussed as well as a number of directions for further research. ; ÖZ: Bu araştırmanın amacı Erbil doğu Irak"taki Dış Pazar Odaklı (DPO) ile küçük ve orta boy işletmelerin (KOBİ) piyasa performansı arasında kayda değer bir ilişkinin bulunup bulunmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Kantitatif anket yöntemi kullanılarak Erbil İmalatçılar Federasyonu işbirliğiyle ihracat yapan 40 küçük ve orta işletmeden bilgiler elde edilmiştir. İhracat performansı bağımlı değişkeni ile "akıl jenerasyonu, akıl yayılımı, çözüm koordinasyon mekanizması" etkenleri içeren dış pazar odak bağımsız değişkeni arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için regresyon analizi, tek grup t-testi ve daha birçok istatistik analizlerden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan tespitler, küçük ve orta işletme sahiplerinin başarıya ulaşabilmeleri için işletmelerinde Dış Pazar Odaklı politika geliştirmeleri gerekliliğinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. İşletmelerinde DPO politikasına sahip olan işletmeciler, rakipleri karşısında rekabet üstünlüğüne sahip olup daha yüksek ihracat performansı elde etmektedir. ; Master of Arts in Marketing Management. Thesis (M.A.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Business Administration, 2017. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Tümer.