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In this second edition the authors from Monash and Bond Universities respectively present a thoroughly revised account of the effects of financial liberalization and growth and development in the more advanced economies of Southeast Asia. New chapters focus on the post-crisis reforms and their policy impacts

With simple and undirected connected graph Φ, the Schultz and modified Schultz polynomials are defined as and , respectively, where the summation is taken over all unordered pairs of distinct vertices in V(Φ), where V(Φ) is the vertex set of Φ, degu is the degree of vertex u and d(v,u) is the ordinary distance between v and u, u≠v. In this study, the Shultz distance, modified Schultz distance, the polynomial, index, and average for both have been generalized, and this generalization has been applied to some special graphs.

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of heat transfer on a non-uniform inclined asymmetrical channel with couple stress fluids via a porous medium using incline magnetohydrodynamics. The governing equation is studied while using low Reynolds approximations and long-wavelength assumptions. Mathematical expressions for (pressure gradient), (temperature), (axial velocity), (heat temperature coefficient), and (stream function). A precise set of values for the various parameters in the present model has been used. The mathematical expressions for axial velocity, stream function, pressure gradient, and pressure rise per wavelength have been derived analytically. "MATHEMATICA" is used to present the computational results in the form of graphs. It has been noticed that both the pressure rise and the pressure gradient decrease with the rise of the inclination magnetic field angle and Darcy number, while as the Grashof number increases, the pressure gradient reduces and the pressure also increases. According to this study, the heat transfer coefficient and temperature rise when the Brinkman number and the Hartman number are up. As the Hartman number and couple stress increase, the incidence of trapped boluses diminishes in size and vanishes in the direction downstream. The bolus size can also be increased by raising the non-uniform channel's Darcy number.

This paper discusses Ree–Eyring fluid's peristaltic transport in a rotating frame and examines the impacts of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The results deal with systematically (analytically) applying each of the governing equations of Ree–Eyring fluid, the axial and secondary velocities, flow rate due to auxiliary stream, and bolus. The effects of some distinctive variables, such as Hartman number, heat source/sink, and amplitude ratio, are taken under consideration and illustrated through graphs.

Kann beduinisches Recht als eine eigenständige Rechtsfamilie gelten, und welche Dynamiken hat es in einer historischen Perspektive entfaltet?Dies sind die Leitfragen von Ahmed Abd-Elsalams Untersuchung zur Rechtsauffassung von beduinischen Gruppen und zu ihren Rechtsnormen und -praktiken im Zeitraum vom 17. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert. Nach einer Darstellung der Grundzüge beduinischen Rechtsdenkens fokussiert die Studie auf die Wandlungen dieses Rechtssystems, die im Rahmen sozialer, ökonomischer und politischer Entwicklungen erklärt werden. Diese Wandlungen führten zu unterschiedlichen regionalen und funktionalen Differenzierungen innerhalb der Rechtsfamilie.Anhand von Fallbespielen aus der Westlichen Wüste (Ägypten) und des geographischen Syrien (Syrien, Jordanien, Israel/Palästina, Saudi-Arabien) zeigt Ahmed Abd-Elsalam, wie verschiedene Gruppen unterschiedliche Strategien der Rechtsentwicklung verfolgten, die er in drei Modellen der Rechtstransformation zusammenfasst. Dabei spielen die Spezialisierung der richterlichen Funktionen und die Institutionalisierung von richterlichen Instanzen eine wichtige Rolle.Die Studie basiert auf eigener Feldforschung, auf der Analyse von Berichten von Staatsbeamten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts sowie einschlägigen Texten aus der islamisch geprägten Tradition.

The last two decades have witnessed a growing interest and participation of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states in international arbitration as they have also joined the New York Convention and the Washington Convention. Still, scepticisms abound as to the efficacy of international arbitration in the GCC states. However, Dubai is considered to have the potential of being a Middle East business hub as it is modernising its arbitration law and practice in light of international developments. Forward thinking and innovative pro-arbitration institutions like the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) - the leading arbitration centre in the UAE; the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) - a common law free zone within Dubai with its own sets of laws, including the DIFC Arbitration Law, and its own court system (DIFC Courts) both of which are separate from Dubai and UAE laws and judicial systems; and the DIFC-LCIA Arbitration Centre, have turned Dubai into a growing propitious arbitration hub (i.e. a pro-arbitration and pro-enforcement jurisdiction) in the Middle East. While doubts continue to be raised with regard to the role and influence of the Shari'a on the arbitration process and on the enforceability of arbitral awards in Dubai, an examination of recent developments and trends in the arbitration rules and case law in Dubai reveals a promising environment for international arbitration, except for a few cases that followed formalistic grounds for denying enforcement. Recent cases from the UAE, and especially from Dubai, reveal a new attitude pervading the UAE judiciary that is more welcoming of the New York Convention and that is less likely to interfere with the merits of an arbitral award. However, the new UAE Draft Federal Arbitration Law is yet to be enacted. The article provides a critical appraisal of the recent legislative and institutional developments and international arbitral practice in the UAE and assesses Dubai's prospect to be a Middle East business hub.

This paper discusses the problem of Non Data Aided (NDA) Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation of Binary Phase Shift keying (BPSK) modulated signals using the Expectation Maximization (EM) Algorithm. In addition, the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB) for the estimation of Data Aided (DA) and Non Data Aided (NDA) Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation is derived. Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) channels with Space Time Block Codes (STBC) is used. The EM algorithm is a method that finds the Maximum Likelihood (ML) solution iteratively when there are unobserved (hidden or missing) data. Extension of the proposed approach to other types of linearly modulated signals in estimating SNR is straight forward. The performance of the estimator is assessed using the NDA CRLBs. Alamouti coding technique is used in this paper with two transmit antennas and one receive antenna. The authors' assumption is that the received signal is corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with unknown variance, and scaled by fixed unknown complex channel gain. Monte Carlo simulations are used to show that the proposed estimator offers a substantial improvement over the conventional Single Input Single Output (SISO) NDA SNR estimator due to the use of the statistical dependences in space and time. Moreover, the proposed NDA SNR estimator works close to the NDA SNR estimator over Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) channels.

The main objective of this article is to explore empirically the attitudes of civil service leaders in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) towards the policy of Emaratisation of posts in the UAE civil service. Emaratisation refers to the UAE government's policy to localise posts and replace expatriate manpower with national personnel. The article examines the Emaratisation policy in the light of relevant studies and with reference to its major components. It presents and draws conclusions from the responses of civil service leaders to a questionnaire which addressed key dimensions of the policy. Adapted from the source document.