"This Document may be reproduced for any purpose of the U.S. Government." ; "Approved for public release; distribution unlimited." ; IEEE Cat. No. 72 CHO 596-7 AE. ; Conference jointly sponsored by the IEEE Group on Audio and Electroacoustics and the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories and represents the withdrawl of the AFCRL from speech research activities at the end of June 1972. ; Data Sciences Laboratory Project 4610. ; At head of title: "Conference Record." ; "22 February 1972." ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Using preliminary statistical relationships between precipitation intensities averaged over 1-min durations and commonly available monthly climatological tabulations of precipitation, rainfall rates for 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 percent exceedances were computed for weather stations over Europe and Asia for which monthly totals and frequency of daily precipitation were available for the months of January, April, July, and October. Isolines of intensities were drawn delineating regions of low and high rates for each precipitation frequency. These rates may be used for obtaining calculated-risk design criteria for military equipment and for the evaluation of the probability of operational problems when the intensity of precipitation equalled or exceeded with various low probabilities may be critical. (Author). ; Research supported by the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force, L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Massachusetts. ; Aeronomy Laboratory Project 8624. ; AD0736406 (from http://www.dtic.mil). ; "7 October 1971." ; Includes bibliographical references (page 33). ; Using preliminary statistical relationships between precipitation intensities averaged over 1-min durations and commonly available monthly climatological tabulations of precipitation, rainfall rates for 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 percent exceedances were computed for weather stations over Europe and Asia for which monthly totals and frequency of daily precipitation were available for the months of January, April, July, and October. Isolines of intensities were drawn delineating regions of low and high rates for each precipitation frequency. These rates may be used for obtaining calculated-risk design criteria for military equipment and for the evaluation of the probability of operational problems when the intensity of precipitation equalled or exceeded with various low probabilities may be critical. (Author). ; Mode of access: Internet.
The requirements for placing a military payload (communications relay, electro-optical sensor, etc.) in the sky at short notice are identified. A demonstration aircraft-launched balloon system is proposed and the basic assumptions defined. The balloon size and mass of inflatant to be carried aloft are calculated. Compressed gas and cryogenic storage systems are compared. The weight of storage tank/lift ratio is used to demonstrate the superiority of cryogenic storage. The properties of liquid helium and liquid hydrogen are discussed with respect to safe long term storage. The heat needed to vaporize the cryogens and to warm the resultant inflation gases is calculated. Methods of generating and transferring the required heat at the time of inflation are described. (Modified author abstract). ; "Aerospace Instrumentation Laboratory Project 6665." ; AD0776779 (from http://www.dtic.mil). ; "9 October 1973." ; Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-66). ; The requirements for placing a military payload (communications relay, electro-optical sensor, etc.) in the sky at short notice are identified. A demonstration aircraft-launched balloon system is proposed and the basic assumptions defined. The balloon size and mass of inflatant to be carried aloft are calculated. Compressed gas and cryogenic storage systems are compared. The weight of storage tank/lift ratio is used to demonstrate the superiority of cryogenic storage. The properties of liquid helium and liquid hydrogen are discussed with respect to safe long term storage. The heat needed to vaporize the cryogens and to warm the resultant inflation gases is calculated. Methods of generating and transferring the required heat at the time of inflation are described. (Modified author abstract). ; Mode of access: Internet.
The problem of making radar measurements of meteorological phenomena such as rainfall, clouds, and ice crystal formation from a satellite is discussed. The main problem areas are obtaining sufficient signal-to-noise ratio within the weight limitation of the satellite system and avoiding ground clutter when scanning any significant angle off nadir. Sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to detect heavy rainfall at 35 GHz is available for a downlooking only system within the weight power limitation of the Military Meteorological Satellites. An arrested aperture doppler system to reject ground clutter at large scan angles off nadir while detecting rainfall by doppler due to its vertical motion is suggested. ; "Microwave Physics Laboratory Project 5635." ; ADA003385 (from http://www.dtic.mil). ; "30 September 1974." ; Includes bibliographical references (page 27). ; The problem of making radar measurements of meteorological phenomena such as rainfall, clouds, and ice crystal formation from a satellite is discussed. The main problem areas are obtaining sufficient signal-to-noise ratio within the weight limitation of the satellite system and avoiding ground clutter when scanning any significant angle off nadir. Sufficient signal-to-noise ratio to detect heavy rainfall at 35 GHz is available for a downlooking only system within the weight power limitation of the Military Meteorological Satellites. An arrested aperture doppler system to reject ground clutter at large scan angles off nadir while detecting rainfall by doppler due to its vertical motion is suggested. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Reprinted from IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics, Vol. MIL-8, Numbers 3 and 4, July-October 1964. ; Research supported by the Space Physics Laboratory, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, L.G. Hanscom Field, Massachusetts. ; Space Physics Laboratory Project 4643. ; "January 1965." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Research supported by the AFCRL Research Library, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, L.G. Hanscom Field, Massachusetts. ; Paper presented at the Seventh Military Librarians' Workshop, 2-4 October, 1963, Silver Spring, Maryland. ; AD0435615 (from http://www.dtic.mil). ; At head of title: "Research Report." ; "February 1964." ; Mode of access: Internet.
A survey of the state-of-the-art in the evaluation of natural terrain by earth-science techniques and measurement systems is presented in response to a need that existed for many years. This report considers the terrain as an envelope of the environment and all related parameters that are basic in an evaluation for relevant military applications such as unimproved landing areas, trafficability, site selection for operational facilities, terrain reconnaissance and surveillance, and target detection within a masked terrain complex. Methods of terrain-data acquisition, analysis, and evaluation and their limitations are reviewed. The status of research and development, specifying the gaps in technology, is summarized with accompanying conclusions. The report forecasts the requirement for an automated terrain-data acquisition, storage, and display system. Information pertaining to the classification of terrain data, field devices to measure bearing strength, and a visualized optimum remote sensing system is also given in the appendix. A glossary and a comprehensive bibliography are included. (Author). ; Research supported by the Terrestrial Sciences Laboratory, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Massachusetts. ; Terrestrial Sciences Laboratory Projects 7600, 7628. ; "August 1969." ; Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-134). ; A survey of the state-of-the-art in the evaluation of natural terrain by earth-science techniques and measurement systems is presented in response to a need that existed for many years. This report considers the terrain as an envelope of the environment and all related parameters that are basic in an evaluation for relevant military applications such as unimproved landing areas, trafficability, site selection for operational facilities, terrain reconnaissance and surveillance, and target detection within a masked terrain complex. Methods of terrain-data acquisition, analysis, and evaluation and their limitations are reviewed. The status of research and development, specifying the gaps in technology, is summarized with accompanying conclusions. The report forecasts the requirement for an automated terrain-data acquisition, storage, and display system. Information pertaining to the classification of terrain data, field devices to measure bearing strength, and a visualized optimum remote sensing system is also given in the appendix. A glossary and a comprehensive bibliography are included. (Author). ; Mode of access: Internet.
In order to determine the highest surface air temperature at which standardized military materiel should be able to operate, world maps showing frequency of exceedance of various high temperatures are needed. Ideally these should be prepared by plotting probabilities of exceedance from frequency distributions of hourly temperatures, but such frequency distributions are not available on a world wide basis. An index was devised that could be related to temperatures exceeded 1, 5, and 10% of the time. The index is the sum of the mean and the mean daily range of temperature for the warmest month. The three relationships obtained were applied to estimate and map temperatures exceeded with the stated frequencies for 450 of the warmest locations of the world. Conclusions are drawn as to the interpretation of various temperature limits. (Author). ; Research supported by the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Massachusetts. ; Aerospace Instrumentation Laboratory, Project 8624. ; AD0696094 (from http://www.dtic.mil). ; "August 1969." ; Includes bibliographical references (page 31). ; In order to determine the highest surface air temperature at which standardized military materiel should be able to operate, world maps showing frequency of exceedance of various high temperatures are needed. Ideally these should be prepared by plotting probabilities of exceedance from frequency distributions of hourly temperatures, but such frequency distributions are not available on a world wide basis. An index was devised that could be related to temperatures exceeded 1, 5, and 10% of the time. The index is the sum of the mean and the mean daily range of temperature for the warmest month. The three relationships obtained were applied to estimate and map temperatures exceeded with the stated frequencies for 450 of the warmest locations of the world. Conclusions are drawn as to the interpretation of various temperature limits. (Author). ; Mode of access: Internet.
MIL-STD-210A, 'Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment', is being revised. The revision will include two sets of windspeed design goals for military equipment being developed for worldwide usage over land: (1) the speed up to which 'operations' are expected to proceed, (2) the speed that equipment should 'withstand' without irreversible damage. A study of gustiness and variations of wind with height during strong wind regimes is presented. Nomograms of gust factor versus gust duration and steady windspeed are used to assign the most dynamically effective gust according to equipment dimensions. Based on a power-law relationship, factors for adjusting windspeed to a common height to describe windspeed and gusts over the vertical extent of military equipment usage are presented. Also included is a tabulation of wind statistics for selected stations considered in the search for worldwide wind extremes. ; "Aeronomy Laboratory Project 8624." ; AD0774044 (from http://www.dtic.mil). ; "29 August 1973." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; MIL-STD-210A, 'Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment', is being revised. The revision will include two sets of windspeed design goals for military equipment being developed for worldwide usage over land: (1) the speed up to which 'operations' are expected to proceed, (2) the speed that equipment should 'withstand' without irreversible damage. A study of gustiness and variations of wind with height during strong wind regimes is presented. Nomograms of gust factor versus gust duration and steady windspeed are used to assign the most dynamically effective gust according to equipment dimensions. Based on a power-law relationship, factors for adjusting windspeed to a common height to describe windspeed and gusts over the vertical extent of military equipment usage are presented. Also included is a tabulation of wind statistics for selected stations considered in the search for worldwide wind extremes. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Label pasted on inside cover: "Each transmittal of this document outside the agencies of the U.S. government mush have prior approval of the Assistant for Limited War, AFCRL, OAR, CRT." ; Research supported by the Data Sciences Laboratory, Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories, Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, L.G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Massachusetts. ; Data Sciences Laboratory Projects 5628, 0000. ; Other authors on title page: Sheldon B. Michaels, Gerald H. Preston, Weiant Wathen-Dunn. ; "July 1966." ; Includes bibliographical references (page 21). ; Mode of access: Internet.
