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Many types of time series data in political science, including polling data and events data, exhibit important features'such as irregular spacing, noninstantaneous observation, overlapping observation times, and sampling or other measurement error'that are ignored in most statistical analyses because of model limitations. Ignoring these properties can lead not only to biased coefficients but also to incorrect inference about the direction of causality. This article develops a continuous-time model to overcome these limitations. This new model treats observations as noisy samples collected over an interval of time and can be viewed as a generalization of the vector autoregressive model. Monte Carlo simulations and two empirical examples demonstrate the importance of modeling these features of the data.

Europe and the United States saw the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 as an important moment in history, with several nations sending press correspondents and military observers to East Asia to extract lessons from the war. However, the influence of Orientalism, particularly among British war correspondents, hindered this objective. Attempting to explain the results of the war in cultural terms, these correspondents revealed in their post-war accounts a sense that Japan, Russia, and the war itself were alien in nature and therefore offered cultural and military lessons incompatible with British needs.

This article asks questions about power and partnership in disability research in Africa. Research has been located too much in one type of organisation or another and not sufficiently in the interaction between a range of legitimate stakeholders. Across Africa and Europe, and government and civil society dialogues, the African development research agenda must be owned by Africans. Fully inclusive national and international research partnerships are crucial, but they must be driven from Africa. European constructions of and interventions concerning people with disability have often been inhumane, seeking to eliminate them from society. African cultures have also stigmatised people with disability. I call for a new African-driven research agenda that promotes the human rights of people with disability, and has people with disability not only participating in this research, but directing it. The Southern African Federation of the Disabled (SAFOD) Research Programme (SRP) is breaking new ground in this regard by allowing 'the researched' to become 'the researcher'.

This paper will discuss the work of the premier British cartographer of the early eighteenth century, Herman Moll, and his depictions and descriptions of the Muslim areas of South Asia (Mughal India and the Indonesian archipelago in particular). Moll was a strong proponent and propagandist of British overseas expansion, South Asia being one area of particular interest to him. His maps disseminated and popularized information and perspectives brought back by European merchants, travelers, and pirates and were meant to be purchased by (mainly) British merchants, elites, and wealthy commoners interested in understanding Muslim Asia and the opportunities and challenges for British economic and political interests in that part of the world. Moll's visual and graphic vocabulary highlighted European commercial and political contact with the societies and empires of South Asia. His maps functioned as strategic documents about British engagement with Muslim South Asia and showed the possibilities and limits of significant cross-cultural encounters during his active cartographic period (ca. 1700 to ca. 1730), a time when an emerging British Empire encountered well-developed indigenous empires in South Asia.

This article asks questions about power and partnership in disability research in Africa. Research has been located too much in one type of organisation or another and not sufficiently in the interaction between a range of legitimate stakeholders. Across Africa and Europe, and government and civil society dialogues, the African development research agenda must be owned by Africans. Fully inclusive national and international research partnerships are crucial, but they must be driven from Africa. European constructions of and interventions concerning people with disability have often been inhumane, seeking to eliminate them from society. African cultures have also stigmatised people with disability. I call for a new African-driven research agenda that promotes the human rights of people with disability, and has people with disability not only participating in this research, but directing it. The Southern African Federation of the Disabled (SAFOD) Research Programme (SRP) is breaking new ground in this regard by allowing 'the researched' to become 'the researcher'.

With the global economy, many US executives are sent to the United Kingdom (UK) and/or other parts for Europe to work for short-term or long-term assignments. Even if based in the United States or continental Europe, executives of global corporations can often work in the UK. These executives can be resident in more than one country under the tax laws of each country in which the executive works. Since the UK taxes persons who are resident in the UK, it is important to ascertain whether the executive is so resident under UK law. Before April 6, 2013 there was no statutory definition of residence in the United Kingdom (UK). Much of the practical definition came from the courts and the government's publications. There were generally two definitions; 'resident' and 'ordinary resident'. At this time a major tax case, the Gaines-Cooper case, was going through the courts eventually being finally decided in the Supreme Court. It was generally considered that this case gave the impetus to the government to clarify the definition of resident by statute. This statute was the Finance Act 2013 (FA 2013). Section 218 and Schedule 45 FA 2013 set out the new statuary rules for a taxpayer. This paper explains the new rule in detail.

Today, to perceive the link between society and environment does not require that we engage in an effort of great abstraction. What remains paradoxical is that the intensity and scale of societally induced environmental degradation, which rose to historically unprecedented levels during the latter half of the 20th century, is synchronous with an equally impressive increase in public concern for and attention to the biophysical world. This article examines values-based and traditional Marxist-oriented approaches to environmental sociology in the USA in order to assess whether or not – and if so, how exactly – these approaches help us make sense of the aforementioned paradox. Against this background, the necessity of critical theory for environmental sociology is illuminated. In order to further research efforts accordingly, this article advances the concept of sociobiophysicality, which allows us to grasp objective drivers of human-ecological transformation and forms of subjectivity as synchronous with the commodity form.

The period from the end of the Civil War until the entry of the United States into World War I was almost a "golden era" for African-Americans in the US military. For the first time, African-Americans could serve in the regular military in peacetime.