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The growing use of the instruments of information and communication technology in the world of education has enriched models of learning with new potentialities. Education provided through Internet has opened up knowledge and learning to students distant from lecture halls (people who work, the disabled, prisoners, etc.) European universities have met the challenge of modernisation by intensifying their own e-learning activities – this is work in progress where obstacles and forms of resistance are not absent. The institutions of government are also encouraging the establishment of e-learning in higher education by supporting the digitalisation of the infrastructures of their countries and encouraging the spread of a culture that is open to the new successes of the digital industry. The ELUE project (E-Learning and University Education) belongs to this context. Belonging to the initiatives to promote e-learning launched by the European Commission, its aim is to photograph the diffusion of e-learning in the university world in Finland, France and Italy. This volume presents the results of a joint survey carried out by the Conference of Italian University Rectors (CRUI), the Conference des Presidents d'Université Française (CPU), and the Finnish Virtual University (FVU) on the universities of their respective countries. ; L'utilisation croissante des technologies de l'information et de la communication ouvre des horizons au monde éducatif susceptibles d'interroger les modèles d'apprentissage. L'enseignement dispensé par Internet (e-learning) réactualise notamment la question de l'EAD et peut permettre à de nouvelles catégoreis d'étudiants éloignés jusqu'à présent des amphitéâtres d'accéder autrement à la formation. Les universités européennes ont relevé le défi de la modernisation par l'accroissement de leurs propres activités de e-learning et ce choix n'est pas sans obstacle. De leur côté, les institutions gouvernementales poussent au développement des infrastrucutres, à la numérisation des ressources et ...

The growing use of the instruments of information and communication technology in the world of education has enriched models of learning with new potentialities. Education provided through Internet has opened up knowledge and learning to students distant from lecture halls (people who work, the disabled, prisoners, etc.) European universities have met the challenge of modernisation by intensifying their own e-learning activities – this is work in progress where obstacles and forms of resistance are not absent. The institutions of government are also encouraging the establishment of e-learning in higher education by supporting the digitalisation of the infrastructures of their countries and encouraging the spread of a culture that is open to the new successes of the digital industry. The ELUE project (E-Learning and University Education) belongs to this context. Belonging to the initiatives to promote e-learning launched by the European Commission, its aim is to photograph the diffusion of e-learning in the university world in Finland, France and Italy. This volume presents the results of a joint survey carried out by the Conference of Italian University Rectors (CRUI), the Conference des Presidents d'Université Française (CPU), and the Finnish Virtual University (FVU) on the universities of their respective countries. ; L'utilisation croissante des technologies de l'information et de la communication ouvre des horizons au monde éducatif susceptibles d'interroger les modèles d'apprentissage. L'enseignement dispensé par Internet (e-learning) réactualise notamment la question de l'EAD et peut permettre à de nouvelles catégoreis d'étudiants éloignés jusqu'à présent des amphitéâtres d'accéder autrement à la formation. Les universités européennes ont relevé le défi de la modernisation par l'accroissement de leurs propres activités de e-learning et ce choix n'est pas sans obstacle. De leur côté, les institutions gouvernementales poussent au développement des infrastrucutres, à la numérisation des ressources et ...

The growing use of the instruments of information and communication technology in the world of education has enriched models of learning with new potentialities. Education provided through Internet has opened up knowledge and learning to students distant from lecture halls (people who work, the disabled, prisoners, etc.) European universities have met the challenge of modernisation by intensifying their own e-learning activities – this is work in progress where obstacles and forms of resistance are not absent. The institutions of government are also encouraging the establishment of e-learning in higher education by supporting the digitalisation of the infrastructures of their countries and encouraging the spread of a culture that is open to the new successes of the digital industry. The ELUE project (E-Learning and University Education) belongs to this context. Belonging to the initiatives to promote e-learning launched by the European Commission, its aim is to photograph the diffusion of e-learning in the university world in Finland, France and Italy. This volume presents the results of a joint survey carried out by the Conference of Italian University Rectors (CRUI), the Conference des Presidents d'Université Française (CPU), and the Finnish Virtual University (FVU) on the universities of their respective countries. ; L'utilisation croissante des technologies de l'information et de la communication ouvre des horizons au monde éducatif susceptibles d'interroger les modèles d'apprentissage. L'enseignement dispensé par Internet (e-learning) réactualise notamment la question de l'EAD et peut permettre à de nouvelles catégoreis d'étudiants éloignés jusqu'à présent des amphitéâtres d'accéder autrement à la formation. Les universités européennes ont relevé le défi de la modernisation par l'accroissement de leurs propres activités de e-learning et ce choix n'est pas sans obstacle. De leur côté, les institutions gouvernementales poussent au développement des infrastrucutres, à la numérisation des ressources et ...

The growing use of the instruments of information and communication technology in the world of education has enriched models of learning with new potentialities. Education provided through Internet has opened up knowledge and learning to students distant from lecture halls (people who work, the disabled, prisoners, etc.) European universities have met the challenge of modernisation by intensifying their own e-learning activities – this is work in progress where obstacles and forms of resistance are not absent. The institutions of government are also encouraging the establishment of e-learning in higher education by supporting the digitalisation of the infrastructures of their countries and encouraging the spread of a culture that is open to the new successes of the digital industry. The ELUE project (E-Learning and University Education) belongs to this context. Belonging to the initiatives to promote e-learning launched by the European Commission, its aim is to photograph the diffusion of e-learning in the university world in Finland, France and Italy. This volume presents the results of a joint survey carried out by the Conference of Italian University Rectors (CRUI), the Conference des Presidents d'Université Française (CPU), and the Finnish Virtual University (FVU) on the universities of their respective countries. ; L'utilisation croissante des technologies de l'information et de la communication ouvre des horizons au monde éducatif susceptibles d'interroger les modèles d'apprentissage. L'enseignement dispensé par Internet (e-learning) réactualise notamment la question de l'EAD et peut permettre à de nouvelles catégoreis d'étudiants éloignés jusqu'à présent des amphitéâtres d'accéder autrement à la formation. Les universités européennes ont relevé le défi de la modernisation par l'accroissement de leurs propres activités de e-learning et ce choix n'est pas sans obstacle. De leur côté, les institutions gouvernementales poussent au développement des infrastrucutres, à la numérisation des ressources et encouragent la propagation d'une "culture numérique". Ce livre a été écrt dans le cadre du projet ELUE (E-learning and University Education), initiative lancée par le Commission européenne. Il analyse les résultats d'une enquête lancée en 2005 conjointement sous la responsabilité de la Conférence des Recteurs des Universités Italiennes (CRUI), de la Conférence des Présidents d'Universités françaises (CPU) et de l'Université Virtuelle Finlandaise (FVU).

The growing use of the instruments of information and communication technology in the world of education has enriched models of learning with new potentialities. Education provided through Internet has opened up knowledge and learning to students distant from lecture halls (people who work, the disabled, prisoners, etc.) European universities have met the challenge of modernisation by intensifying their own e-learning activities – this is work in progress where obstacles and forms of resistance are not absent. The institutions of government are also encouraging the establishment of e-learning in higher education by supporting the digitalisation of the infrastructures of their countries and encouraging the spread of a culture that is open to the new successes of the digital industry. The ELUE project (E-Learning and University Education) belongs to this context. Belonging to the initiatives to promote e-learning launched by the European Commission, its aim is to photograph the diffusion of e-learning in the university world in Finland, France and Italy. This volume presents the results of a joint survey carried out by the Conference of Italian University Rectors (CRUI), the Conference des Presidents d'Université Française (CPU), and the Finnish Virtual University (FVU) on the universities of their respective countries. ; L'utilisation croissante des technologies de l'information et de la communication ouvre des horizons au monde éducatif susceptibles d'interroger les modèles d'apprentissage. L'enseignement dispensé par Internet (e-learning) réactualise notamment la question de l'EAD et peut permettre à de nouvelles catégoreis d'étudiants éloignés jusqu'à présent des amphitéâtres d'accéder autrement à la formation. Les universités européennes ont relevé le défi de la modernisation par l'accroissement de leurs propres activités de e-learning et ce choix n'est pas sans obstacle. De leur côté, les institutions gouvernementales poussent au développement des infrastrucutres, à la numérisation des ressources et encouragent la propagation d'une "culture numérique". Ce livre a été écrt dans le cadre du projet ELUE (E-learning and University Education), initiative lancée par le Commission européenne. Il analyse les résultats d'une enquête lancée en 2005 conjointement sous la responsabilité de la Conférence des Recteurs des Universités Italiennes (CRUI), de la Conférence des Présidents d'Universités françaises (CPU) et de l'Université Virtuelle Finlandaise (FVU).

Influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses co-circulated in Europe in 2017-18, predominated by influenza B. WHO-recommended, trivalent vaccine components were lineage-mismatched for B. The I-MOVE hospital network measured 2017-18 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) and B among hospitalised patients (≥65 years) in Europe. Following the same generic protocol for test-negative design, hospital teams in nine countries swabbed patients ≥65 years with recent onset (≤7 days) severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), collecting information on demographics, vaccination status and underlying conditions. Cases were RT-PCR positive for influenza A(H3N2) or B; controls: negative for any influenza. "Vaccinated" patients had SARI onset >14 days after vaccination. We measured pooled IVE against influenza, adjusted for study site, age, sex, onset date and chronic conditions. We included 3483 patients: 376 influenza A(H3N2) and 928 B cases, and 2028 controls. Most (>99%) vaccinated patients received the B lineage-mismatched trivalent vaccine. IVE against influenza A(H3N2) was 24% (95% CI: 2 to 40); 35% (95% CI: 6 to 55) in 65- to 79-year-olds and 14% (95% CI: -22 to 39) in ≥80-year-olds. Against influenza B, IVE was 30% (95% CI: 16 to 41); 37% (95% CI: 19 to 51) in 65- to 79-year-olds and 19% (95% CI: -7 to 38) in ≥80-year-olds. IVE against influenza B was similar to A(H3N2) in hospitalised older adults, despite trivalent vaccine and circulating B lineage mismatch, suggesting some cross-protection. IVE was lower in those ≥80 than 65-79 years. We reinforce the importance of influenza vaccination in older adults as, even with a poorly matched vaccine, it still protects one in three to four of this population from severe influenza. ; This study received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 634446. The I‐MOVE study team is very grateful to all patients, hospital teams, laboratory teams and regional epidemiologists who ...

In a multicentre European hospital study we measured influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against A(H3N2) in 2016/17. Adjusted IVE was 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1 to 31) overall; 25% (95% CI: 2 to 43) among 65-79-year-olds and 13% (95% CI: -15 to 30) among those ≥ 80 years. As the A(H3N2) vaccine component has not changed for 2017/18, physicians and public health experts should be aware that IVE could be low where A(H3N2) viruses predominate. ; The I-MOVE+ project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446. The Lithuanian I-MOVE+ study sites were supported by a grant from the Research Council of Lithuania (SEN-03/2015). We are grateful to all patients, medical staff, study nurses and epidemiologists from the 12 study sites who actively participated in the study.oin. ; Sí

Members of the I-Move+hospital working group - Portugal: B. Nunes, I. Kislaya, A.P. Rodrigues (National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon), V. Gomes, R. Côrte-Real (Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon), J. Poças, M.J. Peres (Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal). ; In a multicentre European hospital study we measured influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against A(H3N2) in 2016/17. Adjusted IVE was 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1 to 31) overall; 25% (95% CI: 2 to 43) among 65-79-year-olds and 13% (95% CI: -15 to 30) among those ≥ 80 years. As the A(H3N2) vaccine component has not changed for 2017/18, physicians and public health experts should be aware that IVE could be low where A(H3N2) viruses predominate. ; Funding: The I-MOVE+ project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446. The Lithuanian I-MOVE+ study sites were supported by a grant from the Research Council of Lithuania (SEN-03/2015). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Safety CaUsation, Benefits and Efficiency (SafetyCube) is a European Commission supported Horizon 2020 project with the objective of developing an innovative road safety Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS will enable policy-makers and stakeholders to select and implement the most appropriate strategies, measures, and cost-effective approaches to reduce casualties of all road user types and all severities. This document is the second deliverable (4.2) of work package 4, which is dedicated to identifying and assessing road safety measures related to road users in terms of their effectiveness. The focus of deliverable 4.2 is on the identification and assessment of countermeasures and describes the corresponding operational procedure and outcomes. Measures which intend to increase road safety of all kind of road user groups have been considered. The following steps have been carried out: " Identification of human related road safety measures- creation of a taxonomy " Consultation of relevant stakeholders and outcomes of previous related projects for identification of most important human related measures " Systematic literature search and selection of relevant studies on identified key measures " Coding of evaluation studies " Analysis of key measures on basis of coded studies " Synopses of key measures. The core output of this task are synopses on road safety measures, which will also be available through the DSS. Within the synopses, each countermeasure (or group of measures) was analysed systematically on basis of scientific studies and is further assigned to one of four levels of effectiveness (marked with a colour code). Essential information of around 240 included studies was coded and will also be available in the database of the DSS. Furthermore, the synopses contain theoretical background on the measures and are prepared in different sections with different levels of detail for an academic as well as a non-academic audience. These sections can be read independently. It is important to note that ...

We conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged ≥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases. ; The I-MOVE+ project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446. The Lithuanian I-MOVE+ study sites were supported by a grant from the Research Council of Lithuania (SEN-03/2015). We are grateful to all patients, medical staff, study nurses and epidemiologists from the 12 study sites who actively participated in the study. ; Sí

Safety CaUsation, Benefits and Efficiency (SafetyCube) is a European Commission supported Horizon 2020 project with the objective of developing an innovative road safety Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS will enable policy-makers and stakeholders to select and implement the most appropriate strategies, measures, and cost-effective approaches to reduce casualties of all road user types and all severities. This document is the second deliverable (4.2) of work package 4, which is dedicated to identifying and assessing road safety measures related to road users in terms of their effectiveness. The focus of deliverable 4.2 is on the identification and assessment of countermeasures and describes the corresponding operational procedure and outcomes. Measures which intend to increase road safety of all kind of road user groups have been considered. The following steps have been carried out: " Identification of human related road safety measures- creation of a taxonomy " Consultation of relevant stakeholders and outcomes of previous related projects for identification of most important human related measures " Systematic literature search and selection of relevant studies on identified key measures " Coding of evaluation studies " Analysis of key measures on basis of coded studies " Synopses of key measures. The core output of this task are synopses on road safety measures, which will also be available through the DSS. Within the synopses, each countermeasure (or group of measures) was analysed systematically on basis of scientific studies and is further assigned to one of four levels of effectiveness (marked with a colour code). Essential information of around 240 included studies was coded and will also be available in the database of the DSS. Furthermore, the synopses contain theoretical background on the measures and are prepared in different sections with different levels of detail for an academic as well as a non-academic audience. These sections can be read independently. It is important to note that ...

Safety CaUsation, Benefits and Efficiency (SafetyCube) is a European Commission supported Horizon 2020 project with the objective of developing an innovative road safety Decision Support System (DSS). The DSS will enable policy-makers and stakeholders to select and implement the most appropriate strategies, measures, and cost-effective approaches to reduce casualties of all road user types and all severities. This document is the second deliverable (4.2) of work package 4, which is dedicated to identifying and assessing road safety measures related to road users in terms of their effectiveness. The focus of deliverable 4.2 is on the identification and assessment of countermeasures and describes the corresponding operational procedure and outcomes. Measures which intend to increase road safety of all kind of road user groups have been considered. The following steps have been carried out: " Identification of human related road safety measures- creation of a taxonomy " Consultation of relevant stakeholders and outcomes of previous related projects for identification of most important human related measures " Systematic literature search and selection of relevant studies on identified key measures " Coding of evaluation studies " Analysis of key measures on basis of coded studies " Synopses of key measures. The core output of this task are synopses on road safety measures, which will also be available through the DSS. Within the synopses, each countermeasure (or group of measures) was analysed systematically on basis of scientific studies and is further assigned to one of four levels of effectiveness (marked with a colour code). Essential information of around 240 included studies was coded and will also be available in the database of the DSS. Furthermore, the synopses contain theoretical background on the measures and are prepared in different sections with different levels of detail for an academic as well as a non-academic audience. These sections can be read independently. It is important to note that ...

Members of the I-MOVE+ project - Portugal: Baltazar Nunes, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Raquel Guiomar (Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal), Victor Gomes, Filipa Quaresma, Luis Vale, Teresa Garcia, Teresa Bernardo, Liliana Dias, Paula Fonseca, Helena Amorim, João Rolo, Helena Pacheco, Paula Branquinho, Rita Côrte-Real (Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal),José Poças, Paula Lopes, Maria João Peres, Rosa Ribeiro, Paula Duarte, Ermelinda Pedroso, Sara Rodrigues, Ana Rita Silvério, Diana Gomes Pedreira, Marta Ferreira Fonseca, (Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal). ; We conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged ≥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases. ; The I-MOVE+ project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Between 1 June 2016 and 31 May 2017, 17 European Union (EU) and European Economic Area countries reported 4,096 cases associated with a multi-country hepatitis A (HA) outbreak. Molecular analysis identified three co-circulating hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains of genotype IA: VRD_521_2016, V16–25801 and RIVM-HAV16–090. We categorised cases as confirmed, probable or possible, according to the EU outbreak case definitions. Confirmed cases were infected with one of the three outbreak strains. We investigated case characteristics and strain-specific risk factors for transmission. A total of 1,400 (34%) cases were confirmed; VRD_521_2016 and RIVM-HAV16–090 accounted for 92% of these. Among confirmed cases with available epidemiological data, 92% (361/393) were unvaccinated, 43% (83/195) travelled to Spain during the incubation period and 84% (565/676) identified as men who have sex with men (MSM). Results depict an HA outbreak of multiple HAV strains, within a cross-European population, that was particularly driven by transmission between non-immune MSM engaging in high-risk sexual behaviour. The most effective preventive measure to curb this outbreak is HAV vaccination of MSM, supplemented by primary prevention campaigns that target the MSM population and promote protective sexual behaviour. ; Peer Reviewed

Free PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6205254/ ; Between 1 June 2016 and 31 May 2017, 17 European Union (EU) and European Economic Area countries reported 4,096 cases associated with a multi-country hepatitis A (HA) outbreak. Molecular analysis identified three co-circulating hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains of genotype IA: VRD_521_2016, V16-25801 and RIVM-HAV16-090. We categorised cases as confirmed, probable or possible, according to the EU outbreak case definitions. Confirmed cases were infected with one of the three outbreak strains. We investigated case characteristics and strain-specific risk factors for transmission. A total of 1,400 (34%) cases were confirmed; VRD_521_2016 and RIVM-HAV16-090 accounted for 92% of these. Among confirmed cases with available epidemiological data, 92% (361/393) were unvaccinated, 43% (83/195) travelled to Spain during the incubation period and 84% (565/676) identified as men who have sex with men (MSM). Results depict an HA outbreak of multiple HAV strains, within a cross-European population, that was particularly driven by transmission between non-immune MSM engaging in high-risk sexual behaviour. The most effective preventive measure to curb this outbreak is HAV vaccination of MSM, supplemented by primary prevention campaigns that target the MSM population and promote protective sexual behaviour. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion