Suchergebnisse

Weighted voting systems play a crucial role in the investigation and modeling of manyengineering structures and political and socio-economic phenomena. There is an urgentneed to describe these systems in a simplified powerful mathematical way that can begeneralized to systems of any size. An elegant description of voting systems is presentedin terms of threshold Boolean functions. This description benefits considerably fromthe wealth of information about these functions, and of the potpourri of algebraic andmap techniques for handling them. The paper demonstrates that the prime implicantsof the system threshold function are its Minimal Winning Coalitions (MWC). Thepaper discusses the Boolean derivative (Boolean difference) of the system thresholdfunction with respect to each of its member components. The prime implicants of thisBoolean difference can be used to deduce the winning coalitions (WC) in which thepertinent member cannot be dispensed with. Each of the minterms of this Booleandifference is a winning coalition in which this member plays a pivotal role. However,the coalition ceases to be winning if the member defects from it. Hence, the numberof these minterms is identified as the Banzhaf index of voting power. The conceptsintroduced are illustrated with detailed demonstrative examples that also exhibit someof the known paradoxes of voting- system theory. Finally, the paper stresses the utilityof threshold Boolean functions in the understanding, study, analysis, and design ofweighted voting systems irrespective of size.

Abstract:A child is a mandate from Allah all the mighty born to this world in holy form. A child is a young generation is a continuation ofstates' aims and a source of national development.A child needs a guidance and special attention especially from their parents and government to achieve maximal physical,mental, and spiritual development. Legal sources towards child committing crime in Indonesia is ruled in the Act Number 3,1997 regarding Juvenile Court then completed by the Act Number 11,2012 concerning Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Therefore, if a child committing crime, the violator would be processed by the laws.The Act Number11, 2012 concerning Juvenile Justice Systemprefersrestoratif justiceapproach in dealing with the child committing crime.Inaccordance with Islamic law, a child commits crime will not be punished by any kind of punishment (hudud), qishas/diyat or ta'zir. A punishment for the child who commits crime is burdened on the parents because they are obliged to educate them to be good people. If children become violators meaning that the parents do not do their duties, hence the parents should take this responsibility and the consequence, by punishing them. Keywords : Juvenile Conviction, Islamic and Indonesia Criminal Laws. Abstrak: Anak merupakan amanah Allah SWT yang terlahir kedunia ini dalam keadaan fitrah (suci).Anak sebagai generasi muda merupakan penerus cita-cita perjuangan bangsa dan sumber daya manusia bagi pembangunan nasional.Seorang anak memerlukan pembinaan serta perhatian secara khusus, terutama orangtua mereka dan pemerintahuntukmencapai perkembangan fisik, mental dan spritual secara maksimal.Aturan hukum terhadap anak yang melakukan tindak pidana di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Pengadilan Anak kemudian disempurnakan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Anak. Oleh karena itu, jika anak melakukan tindak pidana maka anak tersebut akan diproses secara hukum berdasarkan undang-undang tersebut.Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistim Peradilan Anak lebih mengutamakan diversi dalam bentuk restoratif justice dalam hal menanganiperkara anak yang terbukti melakukan tindakpidana. Menurut hukum Islam, Anak yang melakukan tindak pidanatidak akan dikenakan sanksi apapun baik hukuman hudud, qishas/diyat ataupun ta'zir. Pidana bagi anak-anak yang bersalah dalam Islam dibebankan kepada orang tuanya, karena orangtua wajib mendidik anak-anaknya agar menjadi orang baik-baik. Apabila anak menjadi penjahat berarti orang tua tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan baik, maka orang tualah yang menanggung akibatnya, yaitu diberi sanksi karena kelalaiannya. Kata Kunci ;pemidanaananak , hukum Islam danhukumPidana Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: At the time of this writing, SARS-CoV-2 has reportedly claimed the lives of millions of people worldwide. However, there is still disagreement concerning the origin of SARS-CoV-2, its true nature, and the extent of its pathogenicity. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to highlight and critically analyze these differences so that research efforts can be geared toward addressing these concerns. MAIN BODY: For this purpose, the author studied the perspectives of both conventional and non-conventional scientists, physicians, and researchers in an attempt to understand the points of contention and the reasons for the vast gulf in perspective. CONCLUSION: After reviewing the varying but divergent perspective pertaining to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the premises used to justify them, it has become clear that if the scientific community is to put a halt to the spread of misinformation pertaining to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, the predominant scientific community (particularly the microbiologist/immunologist) must carry out the requisite scientific procedures and encourage governmental/academic transparency.

The focus of this research is concern about Egypt's policy during the reign of Gamal Abdul Naseer (1952-1962 BC). this research aims to explain 1) Explaining Gamal Abdul Naseer policy in Egpyt. 2) Describing the impact of Gamal Abdul Naseer policy on the development of Egypt. The research choose qualitative method by using descriptive analysis on sociological politic approach as a subject which concentrates on power, government, and authority toward its citizens. The result demonstrated Nasser's urge in order to improve the politic and economic sector in Egypt during his regime. Nasser initiated a system which supported the growth of political development and fiscal cooperation for improving Egypt as a nation. Nasser started the guided democracy system in Egypt. While in economic sector, Nasser's goal was to develop industrialization as a solution of Egypt economic problems.

The health sector in Bangladesh is yet to develop and provide universal healthcare services. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the applicability of digitization especially medical robots and blockchain technology can help to improve healthcare enterprises in Bangladesh during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The findings indicate that Bangladesh healthcare enterprises are in a vulnerable situation because of unethical work practices of health workers, the need for medical robots, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology to improve healthcare management. The study suggests that large investment, pro-patient care, corruption-free and ethical services in the healthcare management and service delivery is required, through joint collaboration with the public and the private sectors and also collaborative effort from the foreign sectors to implement the fourth industrial revolution in healthcare enterprises of the country

Environmental problems can overcome by changing the mental attitude of humans as environmental destroyers to humans who are aware of their environment. The focus in research is to find out and then interpret the results obtained related to the presence or absence of influence between the level of knowledge and attitudes of traditional miners on behavior. The number of samples used was 212 respondents spread over traditional mining areas of the community. Data is obtained from surveys using questionnaire instruments and interviews with traditional miners. The data is then analyzed Structural Equation Model (SEM) using IBM AMOS 23. The results of validation and reliability and goodness of fit (GOF) indicate that the model is feasible and fit. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant impact between the variables of knowledge and attitudes towards the behavior of the mining community. The condition of enough knowledge is not able to change people's behavior to manage the environment. The results obtained are the same as attitudinal variables that show contra to the environment. All ways are done to get profits without seeing the consequences. The attitude of the government must be more assertive in controlling illegal mining that has damaged the surrounding environment. Humans who are aware of their environment are humans who already understand and apply attitudes and behaviors that care about the environment and apply the principles of ecology and environmental ethics.

Environmental problems can overcome by changing the mental attitude of humans as environmental destroyers to humans who are aware of their environment. The focus in research is to find out and then interpret the results obtained related to the presence or absence of influence between the level of knowledge and attitudes of traditional miners on behavior. The number of samples used was 212 respondents spread over traditional mining areas of the community. Data is obtained from surveys using questionnaire instruments and interviews with traditional miners. The data is then analyzed Structural Equation Model (SEM) using IBM AMOS 23. The results of validation and reliability and goodness of fit (GOF) indicate that the model is feasible and fit. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant impact between the variables of knowledge and attitudes towards the behavior of the mining community. The condition of enough knowledge is not able to change people's behavior to manage the environment. The results obtained are the same as attitudinal variables that show contra to the environment. All ways are done to get profits without seeing the consequences. The attitude of the government must be more assertive in controlling illegal mining that has damaged the surrounding environment. Humans who are aware of their environment are humans who already understand and apply attitudes and behaviors that care about the environment and apply the principles of ecology and environmental ethics.

Mining in Bombana Regency is a very promising source of new income for the community. Not only local people but also all Indonesian individuals who know the existence of mining activities. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic conditions of gender, age, education, and previous work and the influence of variables. Questionnaires used as primary data gathering tools. Random samples used as sampling methods in the population. Of the existing population, 252 used as research specimens. In this research, qualitative descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation with SPSS program used. The results showed that the miner's knowledge of gold processing derived from experience and interaction in the mining area. The lack of local government's role after anticipating small-scale gold miners who do not understand the impact of their activities.