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As modes and institutions of governance proliferate beyond the state, legitimacy has become a key concept for assessing, supporting or contesting not only the domestic but also the international political order. Often, however, it tends to be used as an umbrella term encompassing different standards of evaluation. How we are to understand legitimacy beyond the state systemically and to relate the different discussions on legitimacy to each other or to the legitimacy of our political order in its entirety are questions yet to be answered.
Against this background, I aim to systematise the underlying issues and questions discussed in contemporary politics and in academic debates by means of a relational conception of political legitimacy. This conception stresses the importance of a constructive relation between institutions and those subject to them, i.e. between objects and subjects of legitimacy. They form the frame of the norms and processes, implied in conceptions of legitimacy. By foregrounding this relation, it becomes visible that debates on norms and processes, which transcend the state, implicate uncertainties, if not struggles about the subjects and objects of legitimacy. Thus, making explicit and discussing openly who the subjects of legitimacy are and how they are or should be related to the objects of legitimacy constitutes a jurisdictional challenge. This is a challenge we have to face if we accept and apply legitimacy as a valid standard for transnational politics. In addition, determining the subject of legitimacy constitutes a conceptual and political challenge, which becomes especially relevant when debating legitimacy transnationally. While both challenges call for broadening and deepening our understanding of legitimate political orders as well as legitimate second-order decisions, the latter, in particular, constitutes a meta-jurisdictional task when thinking about and debating the legitimacy of political orders.

Die Problematik der Partizipation jenseits des Staates bietet nach Meinung der Autorin eine Perspektive, die einerseits den Kern der Demokratie, das heißt das "Beteiligungsversprechen" auch jenseits des Staates ins Zentrum stellt, um die demokratische Legitimität auch neuer Herrschaftsformen zu gewährleisten. Andererseits hat die partizipative Demokratie im Raum jenseits des Staates mit sehr grundlegenden Spannungsverhältnissen zu kämpfen und eröffnet deshalb den Blick darauf, dass eine Thematisierung und vertiefte Verständigung über die grundlegenden Voraussetzungen erforderlich wird. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die bisherigen Antwortversuche der Demokratietheorie auf die Herausforderungen der Globalisierung insbesondere mit der Differenz von territorialen und funktionalen Logiken in Politik und Wirtschaft konfrontiert sind. Diese Differenz prägt den Raum jenseits des Staates auf besondere Weise und verstärkt das Auseinandertreten der Kongruenz zwischen Regierenden und Regierten. Dieser Spannung begegnen Vertreter instrumenteller Partizipationsbegriffe, die die Beteiligung als Mittel zum Zweck betrachten, auf andere Art als Vertreter eines normativen Verständnisses von Partizipation als Ziel und Zweck an sich. Dabei schlagen sich die unterschiedlichen Logiken funktionaler bzw. territorialer Differenzierung jedoch im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen der Inklusivität der Verfahren nach dem Kriterium der Betroffenheit einerseits und den kollektiven Identitäten andererseits nieder, wie die Autorin in ihrem Beitrag näher zeigt. (ICI2)

This Handbook presents established and innovative perspectives on involving older adults as co-creators in ageing research. It reorients research and policy toward more inclusive and adequate designs that capture the voices and needs of older adults. The Handbook: introduces types of participatory approaches in ageing research; highlights key methodological aspects of these approaches; gives insights from projects across different cultural contexts and academic disciplines, showing ways in which older participants can be involved in co-designing different stages of the research cycle; examines key issues to consider when involving older participants at each step of the research process; includes the voices of older adults directly; draws out conclusions and points ways forward for future research. This Handbook will be essential reading for researchers and students interested in the field of ageing and/ or participatory methods, as well as for those policy stakeholders in the fields of ageing and demographic change, social and public policy, or health and wellbeing who are interested in involving older adults in policy processes. It will be useful for third-sector advocacy organizations and international non-governmental and public agencies working either in citizen involvement/participation or the ageing sector.

This Handbook presents established and innovative perspectives on involving older adults as co-creators in ageing research. It reorients research and policy toward more inclusive and adequate designs that capture the voices and needs of older adults. The Handbook: introduces types of participatory approaches in ageing research; highlights key methodological aspects of these approaches; gives insights from projects across different cultural contexts and academic disciplines, showing ways in which older participants can be involved in co-designing different stages of the research cycle; examines key issues to consider when involving older participants at each step of the research process; includes the voices of older adults directly; draws out conclusions and points ways forward for future research. This Handbook will be essential reading for researchers and students interested in the field of ageing and/ or participatory methods, as well as for those policy stakeholders in the fields of ageing and demographic change, social and public policy, or health and wellbeing who are interested in involving older adults in policy processes. It will be useful for third-sector advocacy organizations and international non-governmental and public agencies working either in citizen involvement/participation or the ageing sector.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Regional Theory for Conflict Areas -- 2. Ties that Bind . . . or Bond? Network Theory of Regionalism in PDAs -- 3. Networking Peaceful Regions -- 4. Three Regional Approaches to Conflict Management -- 5. The Western Balkans: A Region on the Move -- 6. The South Caucasus: Weak States or a Broken Region? -- 7. Peace-Building as Region-Building: Theory and Practice -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Interviews Conducted by the Author -- Index.

The book addresses the debate on whether the representational content of perceptual experience is conceptual or non-conceptual, by bringing out the points of comparison between Kant's conception of intuition and contemporary accounts of non-conceptual content. It is argued that intuition provides the most basic form of intentionality – pre-conceptual reference to objects, which underlies the acts of conceptualization and judgment..

Trotz zunehmenden Bedeutungsverlusts der kirchlich-institutionalisierten Religion nimmt das soziale Phänomen eines bürgerschaftlichen Engagements für Kirchengebäude zu. Am Beispiel backsteingotischer Stadtkirchen im Ostseegebiet analysiert Anna Körs die Bedeutung von Kirchenräumen aus der Nutzerperspektive. Unter Einbezug eines relationalen Raumverständnisses und einer breit angelegten Mixed-Methods-Studie bietet sie eine empirische Anwendung und leistet einen Beitrag zur raum- und kultursoziologischen Theoriebildung.