Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This article contributes to current debates on urban austerity by comparing public land privatisations in French and Italian cities. These privatisations have emerged in several countries during the last two decades as a recurring austerity measure. However, current research does not explain how similar national public land austerity policies result in diverse urban outcomes. This article tackles this limitation by developing an analytical model of the different types of urban austerity. It uses the intergovernmental system and local policy capacity as the main variables to explain four local patterns of austerity, i.e. gridlock austerity, nationally mitigated austerity, locally mitigated austerity and opportunistic austerity. Drawing on nine case studies covering two public landowners, the article shows that public land austerity policies have become routine practice based on compromises in French cities, but conflictual and based on ad hoc solutions in Italian cities. ; 本文通过比较法国和意大利城市的公共土地私有化,为当前关于城市紧缩的辩论做出了贡献。作为经常性的紧缩措施,这些私有化在过去二十年中已经在一些国家出现。然而,目前的研究并未解释类似的国家紧缩政策如何导致不同的城市结果。本文通过开发不同类型的城市紧缩的分析模型来解决这一局限。我们利用政府间系统和地方政策能力作为主要变量来解释四种地方性紧缩模式,即僵局紧缩、 全国缓解紧缩、地方缓解紧缩和 机会主义紧缩。根据涉及两个公共土地所有者的九个案例研究,本文表明,公共土地紧缩政策已经成为法国城市妥协的常规做法,但在意大利城市,这种紧缩却是冲突性的,并且是临时解决方案。

International audience This article contributes to current debates on urban austerity by comparing public land privatisations in French and Italian cities. These privatisations have emerged in several countries during the last two decades as a recurring austerity measure. However, current research does not explain how similar national public land austerity policies result in diverse urban outcomes. This article tackles this limitation by developing an analytical model of the different types of urban austerity. It uses the intergovernmental system and local policy capacity as the main variables to explain four local patterns of austerity, i.e. gridlock austerity, nationally mitigated austerity, locally mitigated austerity and opportunistic austerity. Drawing on nine case studies covering two public landowners, the article shows that public land austerity policies have become routine practice based on compromises in French cities, but conflictual and based on ad hoc solutions in Italian cities. ; 本文通过比较法国和意大利城市的公共土地私有化,为当前关于城市紧缩的辩论做出了贡献。作为经常性的紧缩措施,这些私有化在过去二十年中已经在一些国家出现。然而,目前的研究并未解释类似的国家紧缩政策如何导致不同的城市结果。本文通过开发不同类型的城市紧缩的分析模型来解决这一局限。我们利用政府间系统和地方政策能力作为主要变量来解释四种地方性紧缩模式,即僵局紧缩、 全国缓解紧缩、地方缓解紧缩和 机会主义紧缩。根据涉及两个公共土地所有者的九个案例研究,本文表明,公共土地紧缩政策已经成为法国城市妥协的常规做法,但在意大利城市,这种紧缩却是冲突性的,并且是临时解决方案。

El desarrollo exponencial del alquiler vacacional, o de corto plazo, facilitado por plataformas digitales como Airbnb, se ha convertido en los últimos años en uno de los temas más polémicos en las grandes ciudades europeas. A partir de un estudio sobre la regulación del alquiler vacacional en una decena de grandes ciudades europeas, se analizan los procesos de politización de este fenómeno, las medidas de regulación y de control que se han impulsado, su aplicación y la difícil gobernanza de las nuevas plataformas de la economía digital. En el contexto europeo, las res-puestas de los gobiernos municipales han sido muy diversas. Algunos han tomado fuertes medidas regu-latorias para prohibir o frenar el crecimiento del alquiler vacacional. Otros han tratado de buscar un punto medio entre la protección del uso residencial, la atracción turística de la ciudad y el "derecho a compartir" una residencia principal. Algunas ciudades han optado por una regulación mínima, y otras ciudades todavía no han adoptado medidas específicas. Esta diversidad de modos de regulación se puede explicar por tres factores (Aguilera et al., 2019): el tipo de actores que politizaron el tema y lo enmarcaron dentro de un sector de políticas públicas específico; los instrumentos preexistentes utilizados en ese sector; y la distribución de competencias entre el nivel municipal y niveles de gobierno de rango supe-rior. Sin embargo, la aplicación de las nuevas regulaciones permanece inacabada e inefectiva, en gran parte debido a la falta de cooperación de las platafor-mas digitales en facilitar el acceso a los datos de los anunciantes. La efectividad futura de la regulación depende del éxito de las presiones puestas por los actores públicos sobre las plataformas para conseguir el acceso a los datos y el cumplimiento normativo, una batalla que en Europa se juega ahora a nivel de las instituciones de la UE. ; El desenvolupament exponencial del lloguer de vacances, o de curt termini, facilitat per plataformes digitals com Airbnb, s'ha convertit en els últims anys en un dels temes més polèmics en les grans ciutats europees. A partir d'un estudi sobre la regulació del lloguer de vacances a una desena de grans ciutats europees, s'analitzen els processos de politització d'aquest fenomen, les mesures de regulació i de control que s'han impulsat, la seva aplicació i la difícil governança de les noves plataformes de l'economia digital.

International audience ; The water-energy-food nexus has achieved considerable prominence across academic research and policy sectors. The nexus sets an imperative for integrated management and policymaking, centring on the potential trade-offs and complementarities between interdependent water, energy and food systems. Applications of the nexus focus largely on technical or managerial solutions and calls to acknowledge the political dimension of nexus interdependencies have implications for governance at the urban scale. This paper aims to 'urbanise' the nexus agenda and consider the implications of policy integration for urban governance. This examines the nexus in the context of current approaches to urban governance and power relations shaping the provision of water, energy and food in urban areas. Urban infrastructure networks underpin these resource systems and related management systems, although their management tends to operate in silos, with little joint decision-making and planning. Three hypotheses about the interplay between integrative policy framings and urban governance are explored to reconcile integrative policy framings at the urban scale: the appropriation of the nexus narrative by urban governments; re-establishment of political power through integrated management, and implementation of the nexus through smart city approaches. These hypotheses progress the political dimension of the nexus debate and reflect on the role of urban governance in addressing global challenges.

International audience ; The water-energy-food nexus has achieved considerable prominence across academic research and policy sectors. The nexus sets an imperative for integrated management and policymaking, centring on the potential trade-offs and complementarities between interdependent water, energy and food systems. Applications of the nexus focus largely on technical or managerial solutions and calls to acknowledge the political dimension of nexus interdependencies have implications for governance at the urban scale. This paper aims to 'urbanise' the nexus agenda and consider the implications of policy integration for urban governance. This examines the nexus in the context of current approaches to urban governance and power relations shaping the provision of water, energy and food in urban areas. Urban infrastructure networks underpin these resource systems and related management systems, although their management tends to operate in silos, with little joint decision-making and planning. Three hypotheses about the interplay between integrative policy framings and urban governance are explored to reconcile integrative policy framings at the urban scale: the appropriation of the nexus narrative by urban governments; re-establishment of political power through integrated management, and implementation of the nexus through smart city approaches. These hypotheses progress the political dimension of the nexus debate and reflect on the role of urban governance in addressing global challenges.