Suchergebnisse

Die postkommunistischen Reformstaaten Mittel- und Osteuropas begannen ihren Transformationsprozeß belastet durch ungünstige Rahmenbedingungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen. Hierzu zählen die mikro- und makroökonomischen Voraussetzungen, die politische Ebene sowie das institutionelle Umfeld. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellen sich für die politische Gestaltung des sozialen Sicherungssystems vor allem vier Aufgaben: Verbesserung der horizontalen Effizienz der Armutsbekämpfung, Verbesserung der Kosteneffizienz der Armutsbekämpfung, Verbesserung der Anreizfunktion der sozialer Sicherung für den Arbeitsmarkt, Verbesserung der Sozialverwaltung. Der Verfasser zieht eine Bilanz der Erfolge der Transformationsgesellschaften auf mikro- und makroökonomischer und politischer Ebene sowie in Hinblick auf die Gestaltung von Transferzahlungen. (BIOst-Wpt)

ABSTRACTIrrespective of views about equity, social insurance has a major efficiency role. Because of technical problems in private markets, neither unemployment nor inflation are risks against which private markets can supply actuarial insurance, and medical insurance cannot cover all risks for all types of individual. The existence of social insurance is therefore supported on the grounds that it does things which private, actuarial insurance would either not do at all or would do inefficiently.

Mandatory pensions are a worldwide phenomenon. However, with fixed contribution rates, monthly benefits, and retirement ages, pension systems aren't consistent with three long-run trends: declining mortality and fertility, and earlier retirement. Many systems need reform. This book explains the economics of pension design.

Abstract
Post–9/11 era military veterans are at high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, but less than half of veterans who screen positive for these disorders seek mental health treatment. Self-stigma of mental illness has emerged as a core barrier to mental health service use (MHSU) in this population. Mindfulness is associated with attention control, nonjudgment, and reduced self-stigma in civilians, but associations between PTSD and depression, mindfulness, self-stigma, and MHSU have never been investigated in military veterans. The present study used a logistic regression modeling strategy to investigate main and interaction effects for PTSD, depression, mindfulness, and self-stigma on MHSU. Study findings demonstrated a positive main effect for PTSD and negative main effects for mindfulness and self-stigma on MHSU, and a positive interaction effect for mindfulness and PTSD on MHSU. Findings suggest that more mindful individuals with PTSD symptoms are more likely to seek mental health services, whereas less mindful individuals with PTSD symptoms are less likely to seek treatment. More research into the potential for mindfulness to enhance MHSU outcomes for military veterans appears warranted.