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Signed: Andrew B. Smolniker. ; Sabin ; Mode of access: Internet.

The phenomenon of corruption cases continues to increase from year to year, both from the number of cases that occur and the amount of state financial losses incurred. The criminal acts of corruption committed are also increasingly systematic and massive in all aspects of society's lives. To respond to this phenomenon, the Government, in this case the Ministry of Finance, issued a "breakthrough" in the system of government expenditure transactions, by issuing cashless government system with modern payment instruments. The cashless payment system is expected to close the potential gaps of corruption arising from conventional payment systems using physical money. Transactions carried out with non-cash payment systems can be traced in full and in detail, starting from who the user is, when and where the transaction is conducted, what is the purpose of using the transaction, and what is the nominal value. The use of cashless payment instruments is also expected to be able to fulfill the principles of (1) flexibility, (2) safety in transactions and fraud avoidance, (3) effectiveness, and (4) accountability while paying attention to the precautionary principles in the use of state budget. The cashless government system is expected to be a solution to the acceleration of government performance and public services within the framework of presenting clean, transparent and accountable governance. In the end, improving the working system of government organizations is expected to be able to encourage economic growth and provide benefits for improving the welfare of the community.

Public demands for transparent and accountable bureaucracy and increasingly dynamic environmental conditions have prompted the Government to implement cashless government system in order to modernize the transaction of the State Budget (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara - APBN). The cashless governmenst system is considered as part of public innovation in order to encourage public sector administrative reform efforts. Apart from the pros and cons that arise, the government's cashless policy in government expenditure is expected to take strategic steps in the budget that are in line with the principles of flexibility, security, effectiveness and accountability. The purpose of this study is to (1) explain current government transaction conditions, (2) understand the concept of cashless government, and (3) elaborate on the urgency of implementing the cashless government system in Indonesia. The literature study in this paper shows that there are still weaknesses and potential corruption caused by the number of transactions carried out by the government. It is important to create an urgent need or foster a sense of urgency for change in public sector organizations and by immediately transforming into a dynamic bureaucracy in the face of the challenges of the times. The government's cash system is expected to increase the transparency and accountability of the State's finances and approve the payment of acts of corruption. In a broader context, this system is expected to provide benefits in encouraging economic growth and improving public welfare.

Published online 27 February 2018 ; This article investigates the changing face of governmental responsibility through a comparative content analysis of the yearly budgetary presentations of the French ministers of economy and finance. The cases analysed are the governments under the Hollande (2012–2017) and first Mitterrand (1981–1986) presidencies. In both cases, there were strong external pressures that hindered the pursuit of expansionary budgetary policies and that forced the executives to pursue more restrictive measures. The analysis consists in a comparison of how the ministers in the two different time periods justified this policy course, hypothesizing that international institutional constraints played a more prominent role during the Hollande than during the Mitterrand presidency. By distinguishing between responsive and responsible justifications, we find that institutional constraints are indeed more prominent in the justifications provided by contemporary ministers. These findings have important repercussions for understanding how the national democratic cycle functions under the conditions of European integration. In particular, they indicate that the accountability stage results to be significantly altered, as governments do no longer take full credit for their measures, but rather present themselves as spokespersons for a web of institutions. These findings, we argue, are likely not to be peculiar to France but rather relate to a general trend in European politics.

Published online: 24 Mar 2017 ; This article investigates the responsiveness of the Parti socialiste towards specific social groups under the Hollande and Mitterrand presidencies. It thereby contributes to the discussion on the changing representativeness of social democratic parties in Western Europe. The study is based on a content analysis of the governments' justifications for the annual budget. With this innovative approach it is possible to assess whether the responsiveness of a party persists at the governmental level. Through an inductive coding procedure, three categories of responsive justifications are discerned: inequality reduction, needs of specific social groups and general functioning of society. In line with its title, the article mainly focuses on the second category, identifying a shift from responsiveness to the low-income classes towards responsiveness to the middle classes. Furthermore, a corresponding transformation of the Parti socialiste is observed, from advocating expansive policies in the early 1980s to justifying restrictive policies today.

The family business is a business family members have developed, whose ownership and policy-making are dominated by members of a group with emotional kinship. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the management succession patterns including a personality system, a family system, a ownership right system and a management system become the primary factors determining the success of the family business The results of the study, using Partial Least Square showed Family System variable, had significant influence on Sustainability Family Business Meanwhile, Personality System, Ownership System and Personality system variables had no significant effects on Sustainability of the family business. ; peer-reviewed

ABSTRAKPasca gempa 2009 pusat pemerintah kota Padang telah dipindahkan di kelurahan Air Pacah, sesuai dengan RTRW Kota Padang tahun 2010 – 2030. Kawasan Air Pacah dijadikan sebagai Pusat Perkantoran Pemerintahan Kota Padang. Dengan pemindahan pusat perkantoran tersebut tarikan perjalanan menuju kawasan Air Pacah akan mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan tarikan perjalanan menuju kawasan Air Pacah harus didukung dengan jaringan transportasi yang memadai, agar pelaku perjalanan mudah dan tidak membutuhkan waktu yang panjang menuju kawasan tersebut. Penelititan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingat aksesibilitas menuju pusat pemerintahan. Penelititan ini bersifat komparatif yaitu penelitian yang bersifat membandingkan, yaitu dengan membandingkan rute dari zona utara dan rute dari zona selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisa ini adalah perbandingan atara variabel waktu, biaya, dan jarak. dengan mempertimbangkan faktor hambatan yang muncul pada masing – masing zona seperti jumlah persimpangan, titik kemacetan, jalan rusak, volume lalu lintas, pemutar arah, penyempitan jalan, lebar jalan dan kondisi jalan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapat tingkat aksesibilitas menuju kawasan Pusat Pemerintaha berdasarkan titik pertemuan rute, berdasarkan variabel waktu zona utara memiliki tingkat aksesibilitas tinggi, berdasarkan variabel biaya zona dari utara memiliki tingkat aksesibilitas tinggi dan berdasarkan variabel jarak kedua zona memiliki aksesibilitas yang sama.Kata Kunci: Transportasi, Pusat Pemerintah, Aksesibilitas ABSTRACTAfter the earthquake in 2009 the center of the city government has moved in the village of Padang Air Pacah, according to the RTRW Kota Padang in 2010 - 2030. The Niagara Region Pacah serve as Padang City Government Office Center. With the removal of the central office of the towing journey towards Air Pacah region will increase. Increased traction Air Pacah journey to the region should be supported with adequate transportation network, so that the traveling is easy and does not require a long time towards the region. This study was aimed to determine the rank of the accessibility to the center of government. This study was comparative research that is compared, by comparing the route from the northern zone and the southern zone. The method used in this analysis is a comparison only between the variables of time, cost, and distance. taking into account the resistance factor that appears on each - each zone such as the number of intersections, points of congestion, bad roads, traffic volume, the player direction, narrowing the road, the road width and road conditions. Based on the analysis results obtained degree of accessibility to the central business district pemerintaha by the meeting point, based on the variable time north zone has a high level of accessibility, based on the variable costs of the northern zone has a high level of accessibility and based on the variable distance between the two zones have the same accessibility.Keywords: Transportasi, Government Center, Accessibility