Honey authenticity is defined by the Codex Alimentarius standard, the EU Honey Directive and different national legislations. For the other bee products there are no international standards, only some standards on the national level. The review covers on the first place honey authenticity issues, while the main authenticity issues of the other bee products are reviewed in less detail. The authenticity of honey and other bee products has two aspects: authenticity in respect of production i.e. to prevent adulteration and processing and authenticity in respect of geographical and botanical origin. The authenticity of the botanical origin of honey is determined by sensory analysis, pollen analysis and several physico-chemical methods while for testing of the geographical authenticity traditional melissopalynological methods are employed. These analysis, however are time-consuming and require specialized know-how and expertise. New techniques based on analytical chemistry and statistics are reviewed. There are no international standards for the other bee products, while some countries have national ones. As these products are not so important from a commercial point of view, there is relatively a limited research in this area. The International Honey Commission works at present on the standardisation of other bee products, excepting bee venom
The XXIII World Congress of Architecture organized by The International Union of Architects (UIA) was held in Turin from June 29 to July 03. Every third year this great architectural event gathers together more than one thousand professionals and students from 126 countries that UIA encompasses today. The main topic of the this year Congress was 'Transmitting Architecture' suggesting that future architecture will increasingly depend on communication and integration. It also suggests that global problems which architecture has been encountered with in recent years should be considered at all levels through ever active network of information and communications. In that term exchanging and sharing knowledge and experience among architects of different national and social backgrounds are crucial. Besides, transmitting architecture has also a faint futuristic sound which points out new technologies and their increasing importance in architecture. At last, this topic emphasize that the Congress has been oriented towards and open to not only academic discussions, but to younger generations and students who have always been most experienced in using digital technologies. Throughout the Congress Programme which consisted of lectures, debates, workshops exhibitions, where more than 600 speakers participated, various topics were discussed with a common aim to gain an insight into the situation on current architectural scene, to realize the position of architects and architecture in today's sphere of social, political, cultural, technical and technological factors, and consequently to establish possible tracks and offer recommendations for further progress in this field. Out of Congress, the participants had the opportunity of being introduced to Turin, the city of vision and sustainability put into action. ; U Torinu je od 29. juna do 03. jula 2008. godine održan 23. po redu Svetski kongres arhitekture u organizaciji Međunarodne unije arhitekata (Union Internationale des Architectes, UIA), događaj koji svake treće godine okuplja hiljade poslenika arhitektonske struke, kako profesionalaca, tako i studenata iz 126 zemalja sveta, koliko danas broji UIA. Ovogodišnja tema Kongresa je bila 'Arhitektura koja (se) prenosi' ('Transmitting Architecture'), koja sugeriše da budućnost arhitekture u velikoj meri zavisi od komunikacije i povezivanja, da se globalni problemi sa kojima se arhitektura suočava moraju rešavati na svim nivoima, putem stalno aktivne mreže informacija i komunikacija, te da je stoga razmena znanja i iskustava između arhitekata različitih nacionalnih i kulturnih zaleđa krucijalna. Osim toga, prenosiva ili transmiterska arhitektura ima i blago futuristički prizvuk, koji asocira na nove tehnologije i sve veći značaj koji one imaju u arhitekturi. Ovaj naslov podvlači i orijentisanost i otvorenost Kongresa za mlađe generacije kao najizrazitije 'konzumente' digitalne tehnologije u arhitekturi. Kroz višednevni program Kongresa, sastavljen od predavanja, diskusija, radionica izložbi na kojima se predstavilo rečju i delom više od 600 autora, trebalo je da se dođe do uvida u to kakva je pozicija arhitekata i arhitekture u trenutnoj konstelaciji društvenih, političkih, kulturnih, tehničkih i tehnoloških činilaca, sa ciljem da se ustanove moguće smernice i preporuke za dalji napredak struke. Osim toga, učesnici Kongresa imali su prilike da upoznaju i Torino, grad vizije i održivosti na delu.
The special role of agriculture, being the branch of economy, in the economic system, economic and social policy of Yugoslavia, may be attributed to its indisputable specificity in the production and former development. The assignment of the agricultural policy is to make sure that its role is the leading one. In the past few years the Yugoslav agriculture policy has been redefined several times due to the fact that there have been significant social and economic changes at the international level. However the desired effects have been missing. A consistent agricultural policy is needed based on former experiences and an objective assessment of tomorrow respecting the interests of all the participants in the production and the impacts of the environment based on a dynamic and flexible conception. ; Aktuelna agrarna politika SRJ ima duboke korene u agrarnoj politici bivše zemlje.Proteklih godina ona je usled novonastale, vanredne situacije u zemlji redefinisana i dopunjena novim organizacionim rešenjima i sistemom mera. Praksa je pokazala da se efekti ovih akcija nisu osetili u željenoj meri. Jedan od najvitalnijih sektora naše privrede time je ponovo prepušten stihiji, u nedostatku stabilnijeg koncepta njegovog razvoja.
The special role of agriculture, being the branch of economy, in the economic system, economic and social policy of Yugoslavia, may be attributed to its indisputable specificity in the production and former development. The assignment of the agricultural policy is to make sure that its role is the leading one. In the past few years the Yugoslav agriculture policy has been redefined several times due to the fact that there have been significant social and economic changes at the international level. However the desired effects have been missing. A consistent agricultural policy is needed based on former experiences and an objective assessment of tomorrow respecting the interests of all the participants in the production and the impacts of the environment based on a dynamic and flexible conception. ; Aktuelna agrarna politika SRJ ima duboke korene u agrarnoj politici bivše zemlje.Proteklih godina ona je usled novonastale, vanredne situacije u zemlji redefinisana i dopunjena novim organizacionim rešenjima i sistemom mera. Praksa je pokazala da se efekti ovih akcija nisu osetili u željenoj meri. Jedan od najvitalnijih sektora naše privrede time je ponovo prepušten stihiji, u nedostatku stabilnijeg koncepta njegovog razvoja.
In: Far Eastern affairs: a Russian journal on China, Japan and Asia-Pacific Region ; a quarterly publication of the Institute for Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Heft 3, S. 21-27
The author takes a look at some Japanese scientists'ideas on economic zones in Soviet Far East, the possible impact of the APR (Asien-Pacific Region) countries on these economic zones, multilateral co-operation between Japan, South Korea, China and the USSR to develop the Soviet Far East among other issues. (DÜI-Sen)
Die Reform der materiell-technischen Versorgung soll zur Lösung der Lieferprobleme beitragen, denn das bestehende System der Zulieferungen hat sich als disfunktionell erwiesen. Die Umstellung der Betriebe auf wirtschaftliche Rechnungsführung erfordert eine rationelle Verteilung von materiell-technischen Ressourcen und den Übergang zum Großhandel mit Produktionsmitteln. (BIOst-Ldg)
