Suchergebnisse

Much of the upper echelons' literature presumes that CEOs are unlikely and unwilling to participate in research regarding their roles and decision-making processes. In this opinion piece, we argue that the dearth of research utilizing primary data from the CEO population poses a challenge to the diversity and soundness of scholarship in this field, limiting our own capacity to truly know these crucial informants. Furthermore, we assert that the reluctance of organizational scholars to involve CEOs in their research is rooted in several assumptions that warrant re-evaluation. Drawing from a critical assessment of existing literature and our own experiences, we propose suggestions for effective strategies to engage with CEOs in our research endeavors.

How does one learn and build credibility simultaneously? Such is the challenge faced by an increasing number of professionals, who must quickly get to grips with new assignments while displaying sufficient knowledge to be regarded as experts. If they do not, they will be unable to exert influence over the situation. To address this puzzle, we draw on data from 21 months of participant observation during consulting assignments, and interviews with 79 management consultants. Building on Goffman's notion of face, we identify 'learning–credibility tension' – a discrepancy between a newcomer position that requires professionals to learn, and a role-based image that requires credibility – as a salient and costly issue during organizational entry. Specifically, we find that consultants experience threats to their face during interactions with clients. They deal with these threats by performing individual tactics that help them reduce the anxiety associated with learning–credibility tension, and support their relationship with clients. Our study builds theory in socialization by revealing tactics that allow professionals to keep face while seeking the information they require to adjust to new settings. We also contribute to substantive debates on management consulting by relating insights from the sociology of professions to contemporary knowledge workers.

Résumé Bourgoin-Vu Tien Khang Jacqueline. Quelques aspects de l'histoire génétique de quatre villages pyrénéens depuis 1740. L'exploitation des registres paroissiaux et d'état civil de quatre villages pyrénéens a permis la reconstitution des familles de 1740 à nos jours, ainsi que l'élaboration sur ordinateur de fichiers généalogiques et démographiques. Une analyse des mariages a été effectuée dans le but d'étudier l'endogamie villageoise, les migrations matrimoniales entre villages et les rapports entre exogamie et parenté. Les transformations du patrimoine génétique de ces communautés sont étudiées au moyen d'un calcul de probabilités d'origine des gènes permettant de décrire la circulation et le renouvellement des gènes. En outre, la consanguinité a été évaluée par un calcul direct à partir des généalogies qui a notamment permis d'évaluer les parts respectives de la consanguinité « proche » et « éloignée » dans chacun des villages. La comparaison des résultats ainsi obtenus à ceux fournis par des méthodes plus légères (telles que celle de la « consanguinité apparente », fondée sur le relevé des dispenses accordées par l'Eglise Catholique et celle de « l'isonymie », fondée sur la fréquence des mariages entre individus portant le même patronyme) a conduit à une étude critique de ces dernières.

Inversion sur la publication des affiliations de T. Bourgoin et J. Hacquet ; Festulolium are interspecific hybrids between Festuca and Lolium species bred to improve forage performances under climate stresses as low and high temperature and water deficit. Thirty-six varieties are presently registered in the European Union list of which, only four are in the French list. The Festulolium definition changed in 2004 in extending potentially to nine amphiploid combinations and more than sixty forms at various degree of introgression, diploid to hexaploid, into four fescue species and three Lolium species including hybrid rye-grass. In this range of continuous variation, the forage performances among Festulolium varieties are still negatively correlated with seed productivity which closely determines availability and benefits for end-users. The project aimed to provide further data on genetic variability of seed productivity and its components as pollen fertility among present varieties and breeding plant material, up to individual plant level to be used as breeding criteria. The results showed that seed productivity is sufficiently restored in Festulolium as soon as they derive from one generation of back-crossing into any tetraploid ryegrass species. By contrast, amphiploid Festulolium whatever they come from, F. pratensis or F. glaucescens, still remained of low seed productivity which germination rate may fail rapidly to meet the 80 % requirement for seed marketing. Remodelling the genome balance in such Festulolium by speeding up interspecific recombination and using molecular tools seem the only mean to increase seed productivity before conventional breeding can take place usefully. To support this considerable long term investment by plant breeders, better identification of genetic structure of candidate Festulolium varieties is required, also defining better adequate tests for VCU. ; Les Festulolium sont des hybrides interspécifiques entre fétuque et ray-grass développés pour améliorer la production fourragère ...

A number of scholars have underlined the potential risks caused by the global land acquisition phenomenon (Robertson and Pinstrup -Andersen, 2010; Von Braun and Meinzen-Dick, 2009) . Amongst other hindrances, large -scale land acquisitions are usually depicted as poorly negotiated with local farmers and that unfair or nontransparent trade arrangements tend to foster reasonable suspicions and conflicts with and within local communities. Unofficial (e.g. NGO assessments) and official data sources at the country level can show discrepancies, and none may actually reflect reality on the ground. This acknowledgement leads to an urgent need of relevant and ac countable data on the forms and dynamics of agribusiness and their interactions with family farming in developing countries (Cotula, 2012). Local communities would strongly benefit from geospatial information on land acquisitions: mapping being "an intrinsically political act" (Peluso, 1995), the access to - and the control of - this information would inherently increase their negotiation capacity, enhance the transparency in land deals and strengthen the accountability of land investors. In Senegal, we designed a participatory action-research project in partnership with the National Observatory of Land Governance. This platform is an initiative of the civil society, and aims at gathering counter-information on land deals and landscape dynamics at the national level. The methodology we developed consisted in strengthening a network of farmers throughout the country that could contribute the upscale spatial data. Secondly, we designed a participatory mapping methodology, combining both participatory mapping and web -mapping, that is accessible to all stakeholders, yet robust to produce relevant data.

Les Festulolium sont des hybrides interspécifiques entre fétuque et ray-grass développés pour améliorer la production fourragère sous stress climatique, température et déficit hydrique. Il existe à ce jour 36 variétés inscrites au catalogue Européen dont 4 seulement au catalogue Français. Modifiée en 2004, la définition de Festulolium par l'Union Européenne peut recouvrir désormais une très grande diversité de formes ; 9 combinaisons amphiploïdes et plus de 60 formes introgressées à des degrés divers, de 14 à 42 chromosomes, dans 4 espèces de fétuque et 3 espèces de ray-grass dont le ray-grass hybride. Dans ce continuum de variation, le degré d'innovation en matière de performances fourragères reste encore fortement corrélé, et négativement, à la productivité en semences, ce qui conditionne fortement le développement des variétés. Le projet a eu pour objectif d'apporter de nouvelles données de variabilité génétique de la productivité de semences et des composantes de la fertilité, en essai et multiplication, entre variétés et descendances, et jusqu'au niveau de la plante individuelle pour en évaluer l'intérêt comme critère de sélection. Les résultats montrent que la productivité de semences est suffisamment restaurée chez des Festulolium après une seule génération de rétrocroisement dans un ray-grass de niveau tétraploïde, quel qu'il soit. En revanche, les formes amphiploïdes, qu'elles soient issues de F. glaucescens ou de F. pratensis, présentent un net déficit de productivité, aggravé d'une faculté germinative se dégradant rapidement après la récolte. L'amélioration de la productivité semencière doit ainsi constituer un objectif prioritaire chez les Festulolium amphiploïdes pour mieux faire valoir leur potentiel d'innovation dans un contexte de changement climatique. Pour encourager cet investissement de long terme, il est indispensable que la structure génétique des variétés de Festulolium candidates soit mieux identifiée à l'inscription et puisse déterminer des épreuves VATE également mieux ciblées. ; Festulolium are interspecific hybrids between Festuca and Lolium species bred to improve forage performances under climate stresses as low and high temperature and water deficit. Thirty-six varieties are presently registered in the European Union list of which, only four are in the French list. The Festulolium definition changed in 2004 in extending potentially to nine amphiploid combinations and more than sixty forms at various degree of introgression, diploid to hexaploid, into four fescue species and three Lolium species including hybrid rye-grass. In this range of continuous variation, the forage performances among Festulolium varieties are still negatively correlated with seed productivity which closely determines availability and benefits for end-users. The project aimed to provide further data on genetic variability of seed productivity and its components as pollen fertility among present varieties and breeding plant material, up to individual plant level to be used as breeding criteria. The results showed that seed productivity is sufficiently restored in Festulolium as soon as they derive from one generation of back-crossing into any tetraploid ryegrass species. By contrast, amphiploid Festulolium whatever they come from, F. pratensis or F. glaucescens, still remained of low seed productivity which germination rate may fail rapidly to meet the 80 % requirement for seed marketing. Remodelling the genome balance in such Festulolium by speeding up interspecific recombination and using molecular tools seem the only mean to increase seed productivity before conventional breeding can take place usefully. To support this considerable long term investment by plant breeders, better identification of genetic structure of candidate Festulolium varieties is required, also defining better adequate tests for VCU.

In Senegal, there is a strong demand for improved transparency and reliability of land tenure information from government-related institutions as well as from civil society and NGOs. Our research project proceeds from both these demands. The general objective of this study has been to assess and comprehend agribusiness dynamics in Senegal using multi-source geodata. A critical inventory of the various sources of information delivered a first assessment, which was confronted with other sources of data including satellite imagery. One of the major issues faced by current projects on land deals is the use of punctual assessments and data that originate from different sources (grey literature, research papers, media, etc.) Local communities would strongly benefit from dynamic geospatial information on land acquisitions. The access to -and the control of- this information would inherently increase their negotiation capacity, enhance the transparency in land deals and strengthen the accountability of land investors. To conclude, we discuss future paths of an action-research program based on a participatory mapping methodology that will allow securing and extending the geo-spatial assessment of agribusiness dynamics in Senegal, while being accessible to a majority of stakeholders.

Dans un contexte international de pression sur les terres agraires et de marchandisation de l'espace agricole, les pouvoirs publics sénégalais ont entrepris des réformes politiques et institutionnelles qui traduisent une vision du développement rural orientée vers des filières "à hautes valeurs ajoutées" et la promotion de l'entrepreneuriat privé agricole. Pour s'intégrer dans le débat public, et tenter d'influencer la position du gouvernement soulignée dans les récents programmes politiques, la société civile Sénégalaise accompagnée de partenaires de la recherche, et des établissements publics s'est engagé à la création d'un observatoire de la gouvernance foncière Cet espace de production de connaissances et d'échanges a pour objectif l'accompagnement des politiques foncières par une meilleure prise en compte des réalités locales dans un paysage multifonctionnel complexe. Nous présentons ici le travail de co-construction d'un observatoire en insistant sur le caractère endogène de la démarche et les premiers résultats.

International audience ; To meet the challenges of African agriculture, particularly food self-sufficiency, job creation and wealth, the agricultural contract model is being promoted by some governments and international donors in the framework of a performative discourse on the virtues of partnerships between agro-industries and producers. However, agricultural contracts give rise to contradictory interpretations. Some see it as a model that would have spillover effects on the rural economy, while others see it as a strategy of predation of agricultural resources, which is harmful to local communities. On both sides, analyses remain focused on ethical and sometimes ideological issues. The operating conditions of the contracts and their impacts in terms of development are little addressed. Our contribution, based on sociological surveys conducted in Senegal, aims at objectively characterizing the forms of interaction (positive or negative) between agricultural contracts and the development of the territories where the rice sector is located. On the basis of these issues of articulation between agricultural development and territorial development, we are proposing a methodological approach to carry out this type.of diagnosis. At the scale of the regions dominated by rice growing, we highlight that the territorial trajectories are contrasted in relation to the interaction between the agricultural model and territorial development. This diagnosis is interpreted through the knowledge of the systems of actors, in particular with the help of two indicators, namely centrality, which gives an indication of the issues of territorial governance, and the density of social relations, which provides information on the importance of the agricultural contract in relation to other modes of relationship building. With regard to the insertion of agricultural contracts, the structure of the networks of actors makes it possible to identify a centralized mode of governance at the level of the national agricultural bank and a few ...