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Increasing political turmoil across many regions has increased concerns amongst business, social and governmental circles over the ability of organisations to anticipate and respond positively to disruptions. Organisations are spending increased sums of money to raise levels of governance and security protocols, under the term resilience. Nevertheless, term organisational resilience is vague, and the term itself implies multi-disciplined and diverse strategies and tactics, requiring a diversity of skills and knowledge that reaches beyond security and governance alone. The resilience domain is still developing; however, early embodiments of organisational resilience, originating in the United Kingdom and the United States, appear to be rebranding of business continuity management strategies, put together as a 'resilience processes' or 'resilience systems'. More recently 'resilience management systems', claiming to deliver benefits akin to those that the International Standards Organisation 9001 gave the Quality Assurance discipline have begun to appear. Nevertheless, there is a constant absence of a clearly defined and researched set of essential concepts that make up the theoretical structure of Organisational Resilience. It is argued that Organisational Resilience is both a top-down culture (value, leadership) and bottom-up, delivered by a number of functional processes such as risk management, governance, interdependencies, security management, situational awareness and business continuity. However, validation of these elements is required and is currently underway.

For decades Mexican workers have had unions dominated by the ruling PRI party. But now economic and political upheaval may lead to new labor militancy there.

This article examines the formation of the Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua before and during the period of the Sandino rebellion, US military intervention, and its aftermath (1927-1936). Focusing on the radically abrupt upward displacement of coercive capacities in these eight years of war, we emphasize the agency of Nicaraguans in shaping the kind of institution the Guardia became. We argue that the process of war against a homegrown nationalist insurgency most profoundly shaped Guardia identity and that the Somocista state represented a masked and modernized form of caudillismo, as a political system within which political authority and power resided in personal and patronage relations.

This study presented an overview of the training available to intruder alarm installers. A survey of domestic and commercial intruder alarm systems (n=20) were completed across Perth, Western Australia, metropolitan area. The gathered data were evaluated against Australian Standard AS2201.1 for intruder alarm systems, to determine whether alarm installations comply with two parts of the standard, being that of control panel location and zone supervision. AS2201.1 requires that intruder alarm control equipment shall be located within the alarmed area, located outside the entry/exit point and operate as dual endofline supervision. The study presents significant findings into the compliance of installed intruder alarm systems. A significant proportion of the intruder alarms measured did not comply with AS2201.1, with the panel located outside an alarmed area (30%), located in the entry/exit point (15%) and not capable of dual endofline supervision (30%). These items contravene Australian Standard AS2201.1. Assumptions suggest that noncompliance is due to a lack of industry focused vocational training, industry self regulation and supervision, licensing regime and legislation. No single aspect could be considered ineffective; rather it is argued that all of these areas need to be addressed.

Security Science integrates the multi-disciplined practice areas of security into a single structured body of knowledge, where each chapter takes an evidence-based approach to one of the core knowledge categories. The authors give practitioners and students the underlying scientific perspective based on robust underlying theories, principles, models or frameworks. Demonstrating the relationships and underlying concepts, they present an approach to each core security function within the context of both organizational security and homeland security. The book is unique in its application of the.