Suchergebnisse

This paper present a preliminary analysis of electronic voting schemes and the requirements of Electronic Democracy as a part of the work carried out by the authors in the VOTESCRIPT project (TIC2000-1630-C02). A summary of the most relevant experiences on this field are discussed and a basic classification of them is pointed out, according to different degrees on process computerization. As it is shown, most of them only take into account a technological perspective, just trying to imitate the conventional voting schemes. A citizen-base bottom-up perspective is proposed to analyze the implementation of electronic voting systems in order to avoid citizen rejection. The paper also hallmarks the new technical possibilities created to be applied to the development of citizen?s right realm. Further than conventional voting schemes, the paper proposes the use of advanced security services to extend conceptualization of Electronic Democracy in which citizens have a key role on decision making processes.

The Silence of Others comes back to a past that doesn't pass: how the Franco dictatorship (1936–1975) has shaped Spain and how the period that followed, the "transition," has led to a conflicting collective memory by silencing the victims. Seven years in the making, The Silence of Others, Almudena Carracedo and Robert Bahar's documentary, follows an unfolding lawsuit launched by a group of victims and survivors determined to seek justice. Unable to prosecute their crimes in Spain, they decided to turn to Argentina with the hope that a judge could apply the principle of universal jurisdiction to open an investigation. Almudena Carracedo and Robert Bahar agreed to talk to Violence about their film and its reception in Spain and abroad, and about how art could pave the way to exiting violence.

El objetivo general de este trabajo apunta a conocer si los saberes psi impactan en la concreción de políticas públicas y, en caso de que así fuera, dilucidar los modos en que lo hacen. En particular, aquí se propone analizar la incidencia de los saberes psi en la solución a las problemáticas de la infancia presentes en Buenos Aires desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta 1940.Se puntualizan los principales aportes que el campo de la psicología ofrece a las problemáticas sociales en torno a la infancia. Seguidamente, se analizan las concepciones psicológicas acerca de la niñez presentes según los principales referentes del campo de la psiquiatría infantil. Se considera el marco legislativo imperante durante este período como elemento de análisis fundamental para este estudio.Se concluye que, lejos de considerar aquellos aportes psi como influencias directas y lineales en las políticas estatales, se trata de interacciones entre los actores, las prácticas sociales y los objetos discursivos. ; O objetivo geral deste trabalho visa conhecer se o saberes psi têm impacto na concretização das políticas públicas e, em caso afi rmativo, para elucidar as formas em que o fazem. Em particular, aqui se propõe a analisar a incidência dos saberes psi na solução das problemáticas relacionadas a infância presentes em Buenos Aires desde o começo do século XX até 1940. São pontuadas as principais contribuições que o campo da psicologia oferece às problemáticas sociais relativas à infância e são analisadas as concepções psicológicas acerca da infância presentes conforme os principais referenciais do campo da psiquiatria infantil. O quadro legislativo prevalecente durante este período é considerado como um elemento de análise fundamental para este estudo. Se concluiu que, longe de considerar contribuições psi da época como infl uências diretas e lineares nas políticas estatais, se trata de interações entre os atores, as práticas sociais e os objetos discursivos. ; The aims of this work is to know if psy knowledge impacts on the concretion of public politics and, if so, to elucidate the ways in which they do it. In this case, it is proposed to analyze the impact of psy knowledge in the solution to the childhood issues in Buenos Aires since the beginning of the XX century to 1940. The main contributions the field of psychology offers to the social issues related to childhood are stressed. After that, the psychological notions about childhood are analyzed according to the main researchers from the field of childhood psychiatry. The legislative framework prevailing during this period is considered as an element of fundamental analysis for this study. Far from considering those psy contributions like direct and linear influences in the state policies, we can conclude that they are interactions among actors, social practices and discourse objects. ; Fil: Farias Carracedo, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Psicología. Departamento Formación Basica. Laboratorio de Ciencias de Comportamiento; Argentina ; Fil: Juárez, Ana Rocío. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate two interventions on anabolic-androgenic-steroids (AAS) dispensation in retail pharmacies. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> The study was conducted in a north-western region of Spain. Data were the AAS supplied by wholesale drug distributors to retail pharmacies over a period of 102 months. It is designed as an ecological time-series study; the dependent variables were daily defined doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day of each drug. The two interventions evaluated were: (1) an inspection program intended for those retail pharmacies where there was an irregular dispensation and (2) a regulation put forth forcing these pharmacies to carry out additional registers. The medications studied were stanozolol, nandrolone, methenolone, testosterone and mesterolone. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The pre-intervention use of AAS displayed a rising trend. There was an immediate reduction of 30.56% after the first intervention, and a further reduction of 35.25% after the second. There was a seasonal pattern of use in the pre-intervention period, pointing to an increased demand at the end of spring and beginning of summer. The most abused drugs were stanozolol and nandrolone. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The health actions were very effective, in that they brought about a sharp reduction in the illicit use of AAS. These interventions could be applied to other drugs in which abuse were detected.

Medical devices are under strict regulatory oversight worldwide and such regulations prioritise patient safety and efficacy over anything else. Contact lenses fall under the medical device category - a result of direct contact with the eye. Equally regulated are the contact lens care product solutions, which include cleaning and maintenance solutions and lubricating and rewetting drops. In the USA, it is the FDA Centre for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) overseeing the regulations of medical devices, since 1976. In the European Union, it is the EU Commission responsible for regulating devices in Member States. The categorisation of contact lenses into medical devices is based on their inherent risk to the wearer. Contact lenses are subject to crucial regulatory oversight from concept to clinical evaluation, clinical investigations through to the finished lens product, and finally, strict conditions associated with their marketing approval including post-marketing surveillance. The physiochemical and manufacturing testing, such as biocompatibility testing alongside pre-clinical stability, sterility and microbiological testing are just some of the essential testing lenses must endure. Only through understanding the inherent risks and potential complications that can arise from contact lens wear, can one truly appreciate the need to adhere to strict regulations. The challenge however, lies in the need for more standardised regulations and flexible approaches, ensuring innovative device technologies reach patients in a timely manner without compromising public health and safety. This review highlights some key requirement, differences and similarities between the FDA and EU administrations in the approval of contact lenses.

INTRODUCTION. This study, which is framed within the HISREDUC Project, presents the results obtained following an intervention with 15-year-old secondary education History students. METHOD. The aim of this paper is the development of two main concepts related to historical thinking (use of evidence and historical significance) through the use of a digital learning environment over seven sessions. 53 students participated and the curricular framework used was the Spanish transition to democracy. The level of progression related to both concepts is examined through a qualitative method which compared the perceived proficiency level before and after the use of the digital learning environment. RESULTS. The results allow to identify common patterns related to students' abilities, showing a positive progression related to the use of evidence and historical significance. DISCUSSION. It can be concluded that this intervention reinforced and helped made explicit latent capabilities, allowing their use in the analysis of the past. ; INTRODUCCIÓN. Este estudio, enmarcado en el Proyecto HISREDUC, recoge los resultados obtenidos tras una intervención en la asignatura Geografía e Historia de cuarto curso de la ESO. MÉTODO. Se establece el objetivo de facilitar el desarrollo de dos dimensiones del pensamiento histórico (el uso de la evidencia y la percepción de la significatividad), mediante la aplicación de un entorno digital de aprendizaje durante siete sesiones, con un total de 53 estudiantes, y utilizando la enseñanza de la Transición española como marco curricular de trabajo. Mediante el uso de un análisis cualitativo, se examina el grado de progresión mostrado en torno a ambas dimensiones, comparando el nivel de competencia presente antes y después de la aplicación del entorno digital. RESULTADOS. Los resultados permiten identificar patrones comunes ligados con las habilidades de los estudiantes, mostrando una evolución positiva en relación con el uso de la evidencia y con la comprensión de la significatividad histórica. DISCUSIÓN. se concluye que la intervención didáctica utilizada ha reforzado y ayudado a hacer explícitas capacidades latentes, facilitando su aplicación en el análisis del pasado.

RESUMEN: La evolución reciente de los incendios forestales en España ha estado condicionada por la combinación de factores humanos y naturales. El colapso de la sociedad rural tradicional ha sido considerado una de las causas de la gran magnitud de los incendios hasta los 90. A partir de esta fecha el panorama se transforma por la mayor implicación de los poderes públicos en las labores de extinción de incendios. Esta influencia humana enmascara la relación entre incendios forestales y condiciones atmosféricas. Existe una clara relación entre la magnitud e intensidad de las sequías y la variación interanual de la superficie quemada, aunque es mucho más estrecha con anterioridad al año 1995; además, el impacto de la sequía sobre los incendios no afecta por igual a todas las regiones de España. ; ABSTRACT: he recent evolution of forest fi res in Spain has been infl uenced by human and natural factors. The large amount of burned surfaces during the 70´s and 80´s has been attributed to the collapse of the traditional rural society; however, since 1995 the trend reversed because of the deeper implication of the government authorities on fi re suppression activities. Such human infl uence hides the links between forest fi res and atmospheric mechanisms. A clear relationship has been established between the magnitude and intensity of the drought and the interannual variability of the burned surface, although it is stronger before 1995; besides, the impact of drought upon forest fi res does not affects equally to the whole Spain.

This paper presents a proposal for an advanced system of debate in an environment of digital democracy which overcomes the limitations of existing systems. We have been especially careful in applying security procedures in telematic systems, for they are to offer citizens the guarantees that society demands. New functional tools have been included to ensure user authentication and to permit anonymous participation where the system is unable to disclose or even to know the identity of system users. The platform prevents participation by non-entitled persons who do not belong to the authorized group from giving their opinion. Furthermore, this proposal allows for verifying the proper function of the system, free of tampering or fraud intended to alter the conclusions or outcomes of participation. All these tools guarantee important aspects of both a social and technical nature, most importantly: freedom of expression, equality and auditability.

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the presence of sustainability in 16 Spanish higher education curricula in the fields of education and engineering.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology uses two instruments: sustainability map and sustainability presence map. These instruments enable analysis of the number of subjects that develop sustainability and the sustainability presence level in each curriculum; identification of what domain levels of the learning taxonomy sustainability is most developed; and analysis of whether a correlation exists between the sustainability presence and the number of subjects that develop sustainability in each curriculum.FindingsA wide variety of subjects develop sustainability in a given degree, depending on the university. The presence of sustainability is more homogeneous in education degrees than in engineering degrees. Education degrees have a greater presence of sustainability in the lower domain levels of taxonomy, while in engineering degrees the lower levels of taxonomy have a lower presence of sustainability than the higher levels. Finally, a correlation appears to exist between the number of subjects that develop sustainability in the curriculum and the sustainability presence. However, engineering degrees seem to need fewer subjects than education degrees to achieve the same degree of sustainability presence.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a methodology to measure sustainability presence that can be applicable to the curricula of a higher education degree if the corresponding sustainability map is available. To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest study yet conducted to analyze the presence of sustainability in different higher education curricula.