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In: Schriftenreihe Band 10384
Members of historically underrepresented groups—women, African Americans, Latinos, and workers—are serving in American legislatures in increasing numbers. However, legislators wield substantially greater power in the lawmaking process when they hold leadership positions. Incorporation of these groups into leadership positions could indicate fuller political representation, but scholars to date have not assessed how well these groups are represented in leadership. We analyze original data describing the backgrounds of approximately 2,200 leaders in 30 states between 2003 and 2014. The data show that, on average across states, members of these groups are as well represented in state legislative leadership positions as they are in rank-and-file membership, but there is substantial variation across states and across parties. We then ask what factors might explain this variation and explore institutional characteristics, like the number of leadership positions or leader selection methods. The results show that legislative chambers with a higher number of leadership posts tend to have more women in leadership, and that selection through elections is associated with decreased African American presence in leadership. The findings have implications for minority incorporation and influence in American politics.
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In: APSA 2013 Annual Meeting Paper
SSRN
Working paper
In: Orbis: FPRI's journal of world affairs, Band 53, Heft 1, S. 143-155
ISSN: 0030-4387
Enthält Rezension von: Clark, Christopher: Iron Kingdom : the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947. - Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 2006
World Affairs Online
In: The national interest, Heft 91, S. 87-91
ISSN: 0884-9382
In: Journal of church and state: JCS, Band 39, Heft 4, S. 793
ISSN: 0021-969X
In: The economic history review, Band 45, Heft 4, S. 819
ISSN: 1468-0289
In: Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Marine Mammals
Introduction: Christopher Clark and Ellen Garland -- Ch 1: Overview. Christopher Clark -- Ch. 2: Anatomy and physiology. Joy Reidenberg -- Ch. 3: Movement, Residency & Migration. Alex Zerbini and Sue Moore,- Ch. 4: Feeding strategies. Ari Friedlaender -- Ch. 5: Molecular genetics. Emma Carroll -- Ch. 6: Social organization. Peter Tyack -- Ch. 7: Ethological and bioacoustic variability. Christopher Clark -- Ch. 8: Baleen whale culture. Ellen Garland and Emma Carroll -- Ch. 9: Blue whale – Global diversity & behavioral variability in a specialist. Ana Sirovic -- Ch. 10: Humpback whale – Global diversity & behavioral plasticity in a court jester. Rebecca Dunlop -- Ch. 11: Humpback whale song - Global diversity & behavioral plasticity in a court jester. Danielle Cholewiak, Sal Cerchio and Ellen Garland -- Ch. 12: Bowhead whale – Acoustic variability in the almost-a-right whale that went north. Kate Stafford -- Ch. 13: Right whales - From north to south, what's the big difference? Susan Parks -- Ch. 14: Minke Whale – Diversity and variability. Denise Risch -- Ch. 15: Omura's Whale – An enigma. Sal Cerchio. .
In: PS: political science & politics, Band 55, Heft 3, S. 564-565
In: PS: political science & politics, Band 55, Heft 2, S. 275-277
ISSN: 1537-5935