Suchergebnisse

[EN] We studied the influence of the ethanol used as a washing solvent for obtaining swollen and pillared MWW topology zeolites with long-range ordering of lamellar structure. The diffractogram results showed that the increased number of washes increases the degree of order of the lamellar structure. Thermogravimetric results showed a considerable removal of the weakly interacting surfactant molecules after the third wash. The washes with ethanol did not remove the surfactant that strongly interacted with the MWW structure. The pillared material after the third wash showed a long-range ordering of the lamellar structure with the surface area of 728 m(2) g(-1), mesopore sizes of 2-4 nm and morphology characteristic of pillared MWW-type zeolites. ; Anderson Joel Schwanke is grateful the CAPES Foundation and PDSE program (process number 99999.004779/2014-02). Urbano Diaz acknowledges to the Spanish Government (MAT2014-52085-C2-1-P and MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P). ; Schwanke, AJ.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Corma Canós, A.; Pergher, S. (2019). The influence of ethanol-assisted washes to obtain swollen and pillared MWW-type zeolite with high degree ordering of lamellar structure. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 275:26-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.08.010 ; S ; 26 ; 30 ; 275 ; Corma, A. (1997). From Microporous to Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Materials and Their Use in Catalysis. Chemical Reviews, 97(6), 2373-2420. doi:10.1021/cr960406n ; IZA, International Zeolite Association, web page http://www.iza-structure.org/. ; Roth, W. J., Nachtigall, P., Morris, R. E., & Čejka, J. (2014). Two-Dimensional Zeolites: Current Status and Perspectives. Chemical Reviews, 114(9), 4807-4837. doi:10.1021/cr400600f ; Díaz, U., & Corma, A. (2014). Layered zeolitic materials: an approach to designing versatile functional solids. Dalton Transactions, 43(27), 10292. doi:10.1039/c3dt53181c ; Corma, A., Fornes, V., Pergher, S. B., Maesen, T. L. M., & Buglass, J. G. (1998). Delaminated zeolite precursors as selective acidic ...

[EN] A new route to obtain pillared, disordered or desilicated MWW-type zeolites was developed assisted by quaternary ammonium surfactants with different hydrocarbon tail size acting as swelling agents (C(12)TA(+), C(I6)TA(+), C(18)TA(+)) and TPA(+) both exchanged to their hydroxide forms instead of only one swelling agent (C(n)TA(+) or TPA(+)) in hydroxide form. Effect of surfactant concentration and swelling conditions were determinant to obtain MWW-type zeolites with different lamellar organization and spatial distribution of individual zeolitic layers. Specifically, soft swelling at 25 degrees C with C(12)TA(+) preserved layer structure reaching a final disordered/pillared structure while pillared structures are obtained in the case of materials swollen with C(16)TA(+) and C(18)TA(+). Aggressive swelling processes at 80 degrees C favored desilication, damaging the layers structure in case of C(12)TA(+) while pillared materials are obtained after swollen with C(16)TA(+) and C(18)TA(+) surfactants. It was proved that both swelling agents in hydroxide forms combining with swelling and pillaring procedure influenced on physico-chemical and morphological nature of MWW-type materials due to the particular conditions used. The obtained derivative MWW zeolites with different morphology, order and accessibility levels were firstly evaluated by catalytic dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) showing superior activity compared to beta zeolites reported in literature. ; Anderson Joel Schwanke is grateful to CAPES Foundation and PDSE program (process number 99999.004779/2014-02) from Ministry of Education of Brazil. U.D and A.C acknowledge to the Spanish Government (Severo Ochoa program SEV-2012-0267 and MAT2014-52085-C2-1-P) and to the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 11/2013-011) by the funding. The European Union is also acknowledged by ERC-AdG-2014-671093 - SynCatMatch. ; Schwanke, AJ.; Pergher, S.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Corma Canós, A. (2017). The influence of swelling agents molecular dimensions ...

[EN] Novel MOF-type materials with different morphologies based on assembled 1D organic-inorganic subdomains were prepared using specific monodentate benzylcarboxylate spacers with functional substituents in the para-position as structure modulating agents. The combination of electronwithdrawing or electron-donating functions in the organic spacers with suitable solvothermal synthesis conditions allowed modulating the structuration level (2D or 3D), vacancies, physico-chemical properties and Lewis acidity strength of the metal-organic structures. Furthermore, bimetallic (Al/ Fe) MOF-type materials were synthesized by a one-pot direct process without modification of the structural framework. The activity of these hybrid materials as Lewis acid catalysts was evaluated to prepare cyanohydrins as precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, and for aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides. The catalytic results showed that the derived MOFs exhibited modulatable Lewis acid capacities which are a function of the morphology, functionality of monodentate substituents present in the networks and a cooperative effect between metallic nodes of different nature. ; The authors are grateful for financial support from the Spanish Government by MAT2014-52085-C2-1-P, MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program SEV-2016-0683. J. M. M. acknowledges Predoctoral Fellowships from MINECO for economical support. The authors thank the MULTY2HYCAT (EU-Horizon 2020 funded project under grant agreement no. 720783). The European Union is also acknowledged by ERC-AdG-2014-671093-SynCatMatch. ; Moreno-Rodríguez, JM.; Velty, A.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Corma Canós, A. (2019). Synthesis of 2D and 3D MOFs with tuneable Lewis acidity from preformed 1D hybrid sub-domains. Chemical Science. 10(7):2053-2066. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04372h ; S ; 2053 ; 2066 ; 10 ; 7 ; Furukawa, H., Cordova, K. E., O'Keeffe, M., & Yaghi, O. M. (2013). The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Science, 341(6149), ...

[EN] A series of samples of cocrystallized USY/ZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized from kaolin and silica following a sequential two-step procedure with varying content of ZSM-5 (5-25 wt%). The presence of the ZSM-5 phases was confirmed by XRD and Si-29-NMR. The samples were stabilized by steaming and tested as FCC catalysts in the cracking of vacuum gasoil. The results obtained show that effectiveness of ZSM-5 as a propylene booster is enhanced when zeolites USY and ZSM-5 were synthesized in the same kaolin material, instead of using merely the physical mixtures of the two zeolites. This enhancement is attributed to the higher ability of ZSM-5 to crack larger olefins and suppress hydrogen-transfer to the gasoline fraction when the zeolites are grown together. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish Government MINECO through "Severo Ochoa" SEV-2016-0683, CTQ2015-67592-P and CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R, by the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch) and by the Fundacion Ramon Areces through a research contract of the "Life and Materials Science" program. The Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV is acknowledged for their help in sample characterization. ; Ghrib, Y.; Frini-Srasra, N.; Srasra, E.; Martínez-Triguero, J.; Corma Canós, A. (2018). Synthesis of cocrystallized USY/ZSM-5 zeolites from kaolin and its use as fluid catalytic cracking catalysts. Catalysis Science & Technology. 8(3):716-725. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cy01477e ; S ; 716 ; 725 ; 8 ; 3 ; Corma, A., & Wojciechowski, B. W. (1985). The Chemistry of Catalytic Cracking. Catalysis Reviews, 27(1), 29-150. doi:10.1080/01614948509342358 ; Martínez, C., & Corma, A. (2011). Inorganic molecular sieves: Preparation, modification and industrial application in catalytic processes. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 255(13-14), 1558-1580. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.03.014 ; O'Connor, P. (2007). Chapter 15 Catalytic cracking: The Future of an Evolving Process. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 227-251. doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(07)80198-4 ...

[EN] The isomorphic substitution of two different metals (Mg and Co) within the framework of the ITQ-51 zeotype (IFO structure) using bulky aromatic proton sponges as organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) has allowed the synthesis of different stable metal-containing extra-large-pore zeotypes with high pore accessibility and acidity. These metal-containing extra-large-pore zeolites, named MgITQ-51 and CoITQ-51, have been characterized by different techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, to study their physico-chemical properties. The characterization confirms the preferential insertion of Mg and Co atoms within the crystalline structure of the ITQ-51 zeotype, providing high Bronsted acidity, and allowing their use as efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts in industrially relevant reactions involving bulky organic molecules. ; Financial support by the Spanish Government-MINECO through 'Severo Ochoa' (SEV 2012-0267), Consolider Ingenio 2010-Multicat and MAT2012-37160 is acknowledged. The European Union is also acknowledged by the SynCatMatch project (ERC-AdG-2014-671093). ; Martínez Franco, R.; Paris-Carrizo, CG.; Moliner Marin, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2016). Synthesis of highly stable metal-containing extra-large-pore molecular sieves. Philosophical Transactions A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 374(2061). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0075 ; S ; 374 ; 2061 ; Jiang, J., Yu, J., & Corma, A. (2010). Extra-Large-Pore Zeolites: Bridging the Gap between Micro and Mesoporous Structures. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(18), 3120-3145. doi:10.1002/anie.200904016 ; Moliner, M., Rey, F., & Corma, A. (2013). Towards the Rational Design of Efficient Organic Structure-Directing Agents for Zeolite Synthesis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(52), 13880-13889. doi:10.1002/anie.201304713 ...

[EN] Different bi-functional materials (Pd(Au)@TS-1) based on metallic nanoparticles supported onto active nanocrystalline titanium silicalite (TS-1) zeolites were synthesized, characterized and used as recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for direct propylene oxide production from hydrogen, oxygen and propylene through one-pot two-step consecutive process. These catalysts allowed carrying out the combined reaction where metallic nanoparticles catalyzed the formation of in situ H2O2 that was the necessary intermediate for propylene epoxidation catalyzed by active TS-1 nanocrystalline support. Several variables were considered such as use of supercritical CO2 conditions, modifiable content of metallic species, and presence of additional co-solvents, surface acidity inhibitors and H2O2 stabilizers. Reusability and stability of the bi-functional catalyst was showed through consecutive catalytic cycles. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from European Community's Seventh Framework Programme, through the Collaborative Project INCAS, Contract Nr. NMP2-LA-2010- 245988. Authors thank additional funds from Spanish Government (MAT2014-52085-C2-1-P and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program SEV-2012-0267). ; Prieto Arnal, A.; Palomino Roca, M.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Corma Canós, A. (2016). One-pot two-step process for direct propylene oxide production catalyzed by bi-functional Pd(Au)@TS-1 materials. Applied Catalysis A: General. 523:73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.05.019 ; S ; 73 ; 84 ; 523

[EN] We show a facile method to prepare surface-clean monodispersed small and stable CuOx nanoparticles with controllable average sizes from below 1 nm up to similar to 5 nm without using bulk capping agent. Structural and surface characterizations show that the chemical states of CuOx nanoparticles and their interactions with O-2 are dependent on the particle size. To show their relevance to catalysis, the well-defined monodispersed CuOx nanoparticles have been used for oxidative coupling of alkynes. While the generally used CuCl catalysts presents a reaction induction period and agglomerate into CuOx nanoparticles during the reaction, the induction period disappears when monodispersed CuOx nanoparticles (similar to 2 nm) were used as catalyst. Supported CuOx nanoparticles on TiO2 behave in the same way as monodispersed CuOx nanoparticles. Kinetic, spectroscopic, and isotopic studies show that O-2 activation is the rate-controlling step and that the nature of the oxygen species formed on supported CuOx nanoparticles is dependent on the size of CuOx and determine the catalytic properties for oxidative coupling of alkynes. ; L.L. thanks ITQ for providing a contract. The authors also thank the Microscopy Service of UPV for kind help on TEM and STEM measurements. Financial supports from Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (project MULTICAT) and "Severo Ochoa" program are also gratefully acknowledged. The European Union is also acknowledged by ERC-AdG-2014-671093 - SynCatMatch. ; Liu, L.; Matsushita, T.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Leyva Perez, A.; Corma Canós, A. (2016). Facile Synthesis of Surface-Clean Monodispersed CuOx Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Properties for Oxidative Coupling of Alkynes. ACS Catalysis. 6(4):2211-2221. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b02935 ; S ; 2211 ; 2221 ; 6 ; 4

A multi-dimensional extra-large pore silicogermanate zeolite, named ITQ-54, has been synthesised by in situ decomposition of the N,N-dicyclohexylisoindolinium cation into the N-cyclohexylisoindolinium cation. Its structure was solved by 3D rotation electron diffraction (RED) from crystals of ca. 1 μm in size. The structure of ITQ-54 contains straight intersecting 20 × 14 × 12-ring channels along the three crystallographic axes and it is one of the few zeolites with extra-large channels in more than one direction. ITQ-54 has a framework density of 11.1 T atoms per 1000 Å3, which is one of the lowest among the known zeolites. ITQ-54 was obtained together with GeO2 as an impurity. A heavy liquid separation method was developed and successfully applied to remove this impurity from the zeolite. ITQ-54 is stable up to 600 °C and exhibits permanent porosity. The structure was further refined using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data for both as-made and calcined samples. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Government (MAT2012-38567-C02-01, Consolider Ingenio 2010-Multicat CSD-2009-00050 and Severo Ochoa SEV-2012-0267), Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo), the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) and the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation through a grant for purchasing the TEMs and the project grant 3DEM-NATUR. Y. F. Yun thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The authors acknowledge ESRF, Grenoble for the use of the beamline ID31 and the mail-in system of 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, USA. ; Jiang, J.; Yun, Y.; Zou, X.; Jorda Moret, JL.; Corma Canós, A. (2015). ITQ-54: a multi-dimensional extra-large pore zeolite with 20 × 14 × 12-ring channels. Chemical Science. 6(1):480-485. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4sc02577f ; S ; 480 ; 485 ; 6 ; 1 ; Davis, M. E. (2002). Ordered porous materials for emerging applications. Nature, 417(6891), 813-821. doi:10.1038/nature00785 ; Atienzar, P., Díaz-Cabañas, M. J., Moliner, ...

[EN] Several bi-functional materials based on palladium nanoparticles supported onto nanocrystalline tita-nium silicalite zeolite (Pd@TS-1) were prepared and used as active and reusable catalysts to direct POproduction from hydrogen, oxygen and propylene through one-pot two-step combined process. Thistype of catalysts was able to carry out the consecutive process where palladium nanoparticles catalyzed the formation of H2O2that was used as intermediate reagent for propylene epoxidation catalyzed byTS-1 nanocrystals, used as supporting active matrix. Influence of supercritical CO2conditions in batch reactions was evaluated together with the associated effect due to the presence of platinum promoters (Pd(Pt)@TS-1). Other reaction parameters were also considered, such as palladium loading, use of acid-ity inhibitors and modification of H2/O2/C3ratio. Reusability studies showed the high stability of thec atalysts in consecutive catalytic cycles, their regeneration being possible. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from European Community's Seventh Framework Program, through the Collaborative Project INCAS, Contract Nr. NMP2-LA-2010-245988. AP and UD thank additional funds from Spanish Government (MAT2011-29020-C02-01, Consolider-Ingenio MULTICAT C5D2009-00050 ; Prieto Arnal, A.; Palomino Roca, M.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Corma Canós, A. (2014). Propylene epoxidation with in situ generated H2O2 in supercritical conditions. Catalysis Today. 227:87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.004 ; S ; 87 ; 95 ; 227

[EN] Ruthenium has been incorporated into the framework of the cryptomelane type manganese oxide K-OMS-2 ([Ru]-K-OMS2) and the presence of this element into the structure has been assessed by combining analytical and vibrational techniques such as ICP, UV-Vis, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy (HR-TEM and SEM), TPR-H-2, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffractogram has allowed to estimate changes in the values of cell parameters which were compatible with an isomorphic ruthenium substitution into the original structure. These calculations are in agreement with the observed increase in the interplanar spacing of (100) planes from 7.1 angstrom to 7.7 angstrom for the Ru-doped material. ; Financial support by the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch), the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Programa Severo Ochoa (SEV2016-0683) and Ministerio de Ciencia Innovacion y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (PGC2018-101247-B-100) are gratefully acknowledged. F.S. thanks to Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades for the economic support (Ayuda Predoctoral FPI - Severo Ochoa). The Electron Microscope of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia is acknowledged for their help in the characterization of samples. ; Sabate-Fornons, F.; Jorda Moret, JL.; Sabater Picot, MJ.; Corma Canós, A. (2020). Synthesis of isomorphically substituted Ru manganese molecular sieves and their catalytic properties for selective alcohol oxidation. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 8(7):3771-3784. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11903e ; S ; 3771 ; 3784 ; 8 ; 7 ; Chen, H., Wang, Y., & Lv, Y.-K. (2016). Catalytic oxidation of NO over MnO2 with different crystal structures. RSC Advances, 6(59), 54032-54040. doi:10.1039/c6ra10103h ; Truong, T. T., Liu, Y., Ren, Y., Trahey, L., & Sun, Y. (2012). Morphological and Crystalline Evolution of Nanostructured MnO2 and Its Application in Lithium–Air Batteries. ACS Nano, ...

[EN] A biocrude was obtained via the catalytic hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass. This was further co-hydroprocessed with Straight Run Gas Oil (SRGO) under desulphurization conditions. Amounts of biocrude of up to 20 wt% could be co-processed, while maintaining a diesel stream density within the specifications contained in the road diesel regulation EN 590. The changes in the diesel properties associated with an increasing amount of biocrude were not a simple linear function of biocrude content. Rather, some positive correlations seem to exist between biocrude and SRGO at low biocrude contents, possibly due to intramolecular hydrogen transfer, yielding a diesel stream with a better quality than would be obtained from simply mixing hydrotreated pure streams in a 80% to 20% ratio. ; The authors thank Licella for providing the Biocrude and financial support. Licella gratefully acknowledges support from the Australian Government in the form of funding as part of the Advanced Biofuels Investment Readiness Program, received through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). Financial support by the Spanish Government-MINECO through program "Severn Ochoa" (SEV 2016-0683), CTQ2015-70126-R (MINECO/FEDER), and by the Generalitat Valenciana through the Prometeo program (PROMETEOII/2013/011) is also acknowledged. ; Sauvanaud, LL.; Mathieu, Y.; Corma Canós, A.; Humphreys, L.; Rowlands, W.; Maschmeyer, T. (2018). Co-processing of lignocellulosic biocrude with petroleum gas oils. Applied Catalysis A General. 551:139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.09.029 ; S ; 139 ; 145 ; 551

[EN] Non surfactant cyclic alkylammonium can selectively decrease the rate of crystal growth along the x-y crystal axes during the synthesis of MWW zeolite. This results in an similar to 60 nm nanocrystalline zeolite that shows remarkable catalytic properties for the production of cumene. ; This work has been supported by the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch), by the Spanish Government-MINECO through Severo Ochoa (SEV 2016-0683), MAT2015-71261-R and CTQ2015-70126-R, and by the Fundación Ramón Areces through a research contract of the Life and Materials Science program. The Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) is acknowledged for their help in sample characterization. E. M. G. acknowledges La Caixa Severo Ochoa International PhD Fellowships (call 2015). We acknowledge V. J. Margarit for helpful discussions and B. Esparcia for technical assistance. ; Gallego-Sánchez, EM.; Paris, C.; Martínez, C.; Moliner Marin, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2018). Nanosized MCM-22 zeolite using simple non-surfactant organic growth modifiers: synthesis and catalytic applications. Chemical Communications. 54(71):9989-9992. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05356a ; S ; 9989 ; 9992 ; 54 ; 71

[EN] Combining IR spectroscopy of NO adsorption on copper exchanged molecular sieves with the chabazite structure, i.e. Cu-SAPO-34 and Cu-SSZ-13, and theoretical calculations, different types of copper species have been identified. On one hand, [Cu¿OH]+ species can be accurately distinguished, characterized by a ¿NO frequency at 1788¿ 1798 cm¿1 depending on their location in the chabazite structure (6R vs. 8R) and composition (Cu-SAPO-34 vs. Cu-SSZ-13). On the other hand, dimeric copper oxo [Cu¿O¿ Cu]2+ species have been properly identified by means of DFT modelling, that proposes a ¿NO stretching frequency of 1887 cm¿1, which has been confirmed experimentally in the Cu-SAPO-34 sample. Finally the location of isolated Cu2+ ions either in the 6R units or in the 8R positions of the chabazite cavity could be accurately defined according to DFT data, and validated in the experimental IR spectra with IR bands between 1907 and 1950 cm¿1. Regarding to Cu+ species, IR spectroscopy of CO reveals different types of Cu+ species as evidenced by their ability to form mono, di and try carbonyls. The unambiguous differentiation of different types of copper species is of great interest in further identification of active sites for the NH3- SCR reaction. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish Government through "Severo Ochoa Program" (SEV 2012-0267), and MAT2015-71261-R, the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch); and the Generalitat Valenciana through the Prometeo program (PROMETEOII/2013/011). R.M. acknowledges "La Caixa - Severo Ochoa" International PhD Fellowships (call 2015). ; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Boronat Zaragoza, M.; Millan, R.; Moliner Marin, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2017). Identification of Distinct Copper Species in Cu-CHA Samples Using NO as Probe Molecule. A Combined IR Spectroscopic and DFT Study. Topics in Catalysis. 60(19-20):1653-1663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-017-0844-7 ; S ; 1653 ; 1663 ; 60 ; 19-20 ; Wilken N, Wijayanti K, Kamasamudram K, Currier NW, Vedaiyan R, Yezerets A, ...

[EN] Wood chips were hydrothermally treated in near critical point water in the presence of a catalyst to yield a raw biocrude, containing a wide range of organic components. This product was subsequently distilled to remove its heaviest fraction, which tends to yield chary products if heated above 350 degrees C. The biocrude obtained has an oxygen content of 12wt% and was subsequently hydrotreated to obtain a hydrocarbon stream. Varying the hydrotreatment operating conditions and catalyst yielded a deoxygenated syncrude which quality improved with operation severity. The hydroprocessed stream produced under very mild conditions can be further upgraded in conventional refinery operations while the stream produced after more severe hydrotreatment can be mixed with conventional diesel. This proof of concept was demonstrated with commercial hydrotreating catalysts, operating between 350 and 380 degrees C, 40 to 120bar pressure and 0.5 to 1h(-1) contact time. ; The authors thank Licella for material and financial support, as well as providing the biocrude used for the hydrotreating experiments. Licella gratefully acknowledges support from the Australian Government in the form of funding as part of the Advanced Biofuels Investment Readiness Program, received through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). Financial support by the Spanish Government-MINECO through program "Severo Ochoa" (SEV 2012-0267), CTQ2015-70126-R (MINECO/FEDER), and by the Generalitat Valenciana through the Prometeo program (PROMETEOII/2013/011) is also acknowledged. ; Mathieu, Y.; Sauvanaud, LL.; Humphreys, L.; Rowlands, W.; Maschmeyer, T.; Corma Canós, A. (2017). Production of High Quality Syncrude from Lignocellulosic Biomass. ChemCatChem. 9(9):1574-1578. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201601677 ; S ; 1574 ; 1578 ; 9 ; 9 ; Huber, G. W., & Corma, A. (2007). Synergies between Bio- and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(38), 7184-7201. doi:10.1002/anie.200604504 ; Huber, ...

[EN] An unconventional crude from biomass (biocrude) has been processed to yield a hydrocarbon stream that is not only fully processable in conventional refineries but is already close to the specification of commercial fuels such as transportation diesel. The upgrading of biocrude was carried out with a combination of hydrotreatment and catalytic cracking, yielding middle distillate as the main product. ; The authors thank Licella for material and financial support, as well as providing the biocrude used for the hydrotreating experiments. Licella gratefully acknowledges support from the Australian Government in the form of funding as part of the Advanced Biofuels Investment Readiness Program, received through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). Financial support by the Spanish Government-MINECO through program "Severo Ochoa" (SEV 2012-0267), CTQ2015-70126-R (MINECO/FEDER), and by the Generalitat Valenciana through the Prometeo program (PROMETEOII/2013/011) is also acknowledged. ; Mathieu, Y.; Sauvanaud, LL.; Humphreys, L.; Rowlands, W.; Maschmeyer, T.; Corma Canós, A. (2017). Opportunities in upgrading biomass crudes. Faraday Discussions. 197:389-401. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00208k ; S ; 389 ; 401 ; 197 ; U.S. Department of Energy. 2016. 2016 Billion-Ton Report: Advancing Domestic Resources for a Thriving Bioeconomy, Volume 1: Economic Availability of Feedstocks. M. H. Langholtz, B. J. Stokes, and L. M. Eaton (Leads), ORNL/TM-2016/160. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. 448pp ; P. M. Maitlis and A.de Klerk, Greener Fischer-Tropsch Processes for Fuels and Feedstocks, Wiley, 2013, ch. 16 ; De Miguel Mercader, F., Groeneveld, M. J., Kersten, S. R. A., Geantet, C., Toussaint, G., Way, N. W. J., … Hogendoorn, K. J. A. (2011). Hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis oil fractions: process understanding and quality assessment through co-processing in refinery units. Energy & Environmental Science, 4(3), 985. doi:10.1039/c0ee00523a ; Goudriaan, F., & Peferoen, D. G. R. (1990). Liquid fuels ...