Suchergebnisse

International audience ; L'article étudie les représentations féminines dans des romans espagnols contemporains, dits « de la mémoire » ou mémoriels (Dulce Chacón, La voz dormida (2002), Alfons Cervera, Maquis (1997), Manuel Rivas, Las voces bajas (2012)), qui innovent dans leur présentation du rôle et de la part des femmes dans la revendication historique et politique, dans le combat des idées et des corps et de la mémoire. Les nombreux personnages féminins de compagnes, filles, mères, sœurs de militants, elles-mêmes militantes ou combattantes, dans les romans contemporains, post Transition démocratique (1975), surtout depuis les années 1990, sont des figures qui revendiquent et affirment leur identité et leur engagement. Nous étudierons leur représentation, leur caractère hors norme et les objectifs éthiques de romans qui redonnent aux personnages féminins, reflets de femmes espagnoles des années 1930-60, leur place dans l'histoire et dans la société contemporaines.

International audience ; L'article étudie les représentations féminines dans des romans espagnols contemporains, dits « de la mémoire » ou mémoriels (Dulce Chacón, La voz dormida (2002), Alfons Cervera, Maquis (1997), Manuel Rivas, Las voces bajas (2012)), qui innovent dans leur présentation du rôle et de la part des femmes dans la revendication historique et politique, dans le combat des idées et des corps et de la mémoire. Les nombreux personnages féminins de compagnes, filles, mères, sœurs de militants, elles-mêmes militantes ou combattantes, dans les romans contemporains, post Transition démocratique (1975), surtout depuis les années 1990, sont des figures qui revendiquent et affirment leur identité et leur engagement. Nous étudierons leur représentation, leur caractère hors norme et les objectifs éthiques de romans qui redonnent aux personnages féminins, reflets de femmes espagnoles des années 1930-60, leur place dans l'histoire et dans la société contemporaines.

Despite the economic growth experienced by the Philippines in the recent years in terms of high GDP, poverty in the country still prevails. Prevalence of many poor families and individuals in the country prompted the Philippine government to implement the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Bridging Program for the Filipino Family) also known as 4Ps, the country's conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that aims to provide conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor. This paper aims to examine the effect of 4Ps on the country's Human Development Index (HDI). It also seeks to find out if conditional cash transfer program provides significant effect on the HDIs of low and middle-income countries worldwide. The mean Human Development Index (HDI) of the Philippines before and throughout the implementation of 4Ps was compared. The difference between the HDIs of selected countries (low and middle-income) implementing and non-implementing the conditional cash transfer programs was determined. The findings of this study show that the Philippines has a significantly higher mean HDI during the implementation of 4Ps since 2008 to 2018 compared to its years when there was no 4Ps. The results further indicate that low and middle–income countries with CCT programs have significantly higher HDIs in comparison to their counterparts. A thorough evaluation of the CCT programs in terms of issues such as dependency and reviewing the conditionalities of the program to provide more significant and promising effect on HDI needs to be undertaken. Keywords: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), conditional cash transfer (CCT), Human Development Index (HDI) ; A pesar del crecimiento económico experimentado por Filipinas en los últimos años en términos de alto PIB, la pobreza en el país aún prevalece. La prevalencia de muchas familias e individuos pobres en el país llevó al gobierno filipino a implementar el Programa Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Bridging Program for the Filipino Family), también conocido como 4P, el programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas (TMC) del país que tiene como objetivo proporcionar subvenciones monetarias condicionadas a los más pobres de los pobres. Este documento tiene como objetivo examinar el efecto de las 4P en el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) del país. También busca averiguar si el programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas tiene un efecto significativo en el IDH de los países de ingresos bajos y medianos en todo el mundo. Se comparó el índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) medio de Filipinas antes y durante la implementación de las 4P. Se determinó la diferencia entre los IDH de países seleccionados (de ingresos bajos y medios) que implementan y no implementan los programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas. Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran que Filipinas tiene un IDH medio significativamente más alto durante la implementación de las 4P desde 2008 a 2018 en comparación con los años en que no había 4P. Los resultados indican además que los países de ingresos bajos y medianos con programas de TMC tienen IDH significativamente más altos en comparación con sus contrapartes. Es necesario realizar una evaluación exhaustiva de los programas de TMC en términos de cuestiones como la dependencia y la revisión de las condicionalidades del programa para proporcionar un efecto más significativo y prometedor en el IDH. ; Apesar do crescimento econômico experimentado pelas Filipinas nos últimos anos em termos de elevado PIB, a pobreza no país ainda prevalece. A prevalência de muitas famílias e indivíduos pobres no país levou o governo filipino a implementar o Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Bridging Program for the Filipino Family), também conhecido como 4Ps, o programa de transferência de renda condicionada (TRC) do país que visa fornecer subsídios condicionais em dinheiro para os mais pobres dos pobres. Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar o efeito dos 4Ps no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do país. Também procura descobrir se o programa de transferência condicional de renda tem efeito significativo sobre o IDH de países de baixa e média renda em todo o mundo. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) médio das Filipinas antes e durante a implementação dos 4Ps foi comparado. Foi determinada a diferença entre os IDH de países selecionados (baixa e média renda) que implementaram e não implementaram os programas de transferência condicionada de renda. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que as Filipinas têm um IDH médio significativamente mais alto durante a implementação dos 4Ps desde 2008 a 2018 em comparação com os anos em que não havia 4Ps. Os resultados indicam ainda que os países de renda baixa e média com programas de TRC têm IDHs significativamente mais altos em comparação com seus homólogos. Uma avaliação completa dos programas de TRC em termos de questões como dependência e revisão das condicionalidades do programa para fornecer um efeito mais significativo e promissor sobre o IDH precisa ser realizada.

Community, Harana, & Karaoke: Towards a Theatrical Design explores graphic design's potential as theatrical staging for building community and practicing the difficult and complicated art of loving others through performance. Studying graphic design as harana, the traditional Filipino custom of romantic serenade, offers a framework to view both mediums as social architectures that propose and transform proximities of relation between people. As in harana, graphic design facilitates in naming, grounding, and organizing social relationships; in taking these affective environments as content and form, both arts align with the nature of performance and staging. Through practice, research, and abstraction, the graphic designer and the haranista possess the capacity to bring people together across space and time. Lessons learned in karaoke further extend these ideas to democratize and amplify the performative nature of graphic design as harana, in addition to modeling role play and collaborative social engagement. Karaoke and graphic design compel dialogical, communal, and collaborative performances for experimenting with conceptions of identity, and incentivize mutual co-dependence. These dynamics mirror the structure of rehearsal. Community, Harana, & Karaoke imagines a theatrical design in open rehearsal, where failure is safe to pursue. Theatrical design is messy, fluid, and earnest. Its simulations permit access to so much more than what is immediately available under present conditions. This methodology creates zones for processing feelings by designing the scaffolding to supports emotional immersion and social connection. Theatrical design constructs a space for us to imagine the world as it could be, all the while providing a framework for criticality within pedagogies of intimacy, truth, and love.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of non-voters in elections in Africa and Latin America. We were looking to assess the factors that influence voting behavior and the decision to abstain. Further, we measured the impact of the voting motives on government performance and their influence on the policy making process. To carry out the analysis, we used voter survey data. The main contribution of this work was the inclusion of Abstention. Another innovative aspect was the design and implementation of a political experiment. It consisted in the delivery of information about the performance of the incumbent, to see changes in voter behavior. To this end, we estimated latent class and nested multinomial logit models. We concluded that a factor considered by voters to either vote or abstain, is their level of satisfaction with the president. Also, less informed people seem to be less motivated to vote. In addition, the non-policy component is always the most relevant, implying that governments are not accountable towards voters. However, some minority groups choose more policy oriented, which means that they could have more influence in the policy making process. Further, we observed that those who do not support the incumbent hold it more accountable. Thus, if governments fail to achieve their goals, these voters are more likely to abstain or choose an opposition party. Moreover, abstainers and non-government voters have a higher political weight. This implies, that they could put pressure on the governments to choose and implement better policies. We also demonstrated that, voter behavior can be influenced by means of information signals. Although the impact on party choice was not very strong, the relative importance of the voting components changed significantly. Finally, the opposition parties are perceived to be closer to the optimal policy positions, which gives an incentive to the ruling parties to change their policy positions.

In this article, we present a discussion of some of the main political, economic and social causes that have promoted the reconstruction of the global food system based on nations' sovereignty. In this context the Chilean case will be discussed as an opportunity for the transformation of the food sector, based on a solidary economic model and on distributed manufacturing technologies, which open new channels for the unification of society and the appreciation of the distribution of resources, promoting local and environmentally sustainable production. At this point, design becomes significant, positioning food and packaging project areas, as a strategic tool for the articulation of the product value chain of the future. The objective is to bring social and cultural dignity back to food, through the diversification of nutritious and affordable meals. ; El artículo aborda algunas de las principales causas políticas, económicas y sociales que han impulsado la reconstrucción del sistema alimentario mundial basado en la soberanía de los pueblos. En este contexto se pone en discusión el caso chileno como escenario de oportunidad para la transformación del sector alimentario, fundado en un modelo de economía solidaria y de tecnologías de fabricación distribuida, que abra canales para la unificación de la sociedad y la valorización de la distribución de los recursos, y fomente la producción local y sostenible de la tierra. En este punto el Diseño toma un rol trascendental, y posiciona a las áreas proyectuales de packaging y alimentos, como una herramienta estratégica para la articulación de la cadena de valor de los productos alimenticios del futuro, con el objetivo de devolverles la dignidad social y cultural, a través de la diversificación de productos nutritivos y accesibles.

International audience ; Au cours du XIXe siècle, l'exil, défini en 1835 par le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française comme l'« état de celui que l'autorité force à vivre hors du pays où il habitait ordinairement », devient le lot commun de nombreux opposants politiques. Cette migration oblige ceux qui la subissent à trouver asile à l'étranger : les capitales européennes – Paris, mais aussi Bruxelles et surtout Londres – s'imposent alors comme des espaces de refuge particulièrement recherchés. Cette analyse se propose d'enquêter sur les parcours d'exilés dans ces capitales de l'accueil qui étaient aussi des lieux d'intense surveillance des étrangers. En montrant la part de contrainte vécue par les exilés politiques européens du XIXe siècle – éloignés des centres du pouvoir, assignés à résidence, expulsés hors des pays où ils s'étaient réfugiés –, il s'agit aussi de s'intéresser aux marges de manœuvre dont ils disposaient dans ces villes cosmopolites pour affirmer leur voix et leur combat politique depuis l'étranger.

International audience ; Au cours du XIXe siècle, l'exil, défini en 1835 par le Dictionnaire de l'Académie française comme l'« état de celui que l'autorité force à vivre hors du pays où il habitait ordinairement », devient le lot commun de nombreux opposants politiques. Cette migration oblige ceux qui la subissent à trouver asile à l'étranger : les capitales européennes – Paris, mais aussi Bruxelles et surtout Londres – s'imposent alors comme des espaces de refuge particulièrement recherchés. Cette analyse se propose d'enquêter sur les parcours d'exilés dans ces capitales de l'accueil qui étaient aussi des lieux d'intense surveillance des étrangers. En montrant la part de contrainte vécue par les exilés politiques européens du XIXe siècle – éloignés des centres du pouvoir, assignés à résidence, expulsés hors des pays où ils s'étaient réfugiés –, il s'agit aussi de s'intéresser aux marges de manœuvre dont ils disposaient dans ces villes cosmopolites pour affirmer leur voix et leur combat politique depuis l'étranger.