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Machine generated contents note: Part I: The Rise of Solidarity and the Threat of Soviet Intervention, July-December 980 -- 1 The Burgeoning Confrontation 17 -- 2 The Confrontation Escalates 33 -- 3 U.S. Launches Public Policy and Diplomatic Offensive 47 -- 4 Filling Out the Picture 63 -- 5 Intelligence and Policy 81 -- Part II: The Brink of Military Intervention, January-April I98I -- 6 Escalating Challenges to the Polish Regime 91 -- 7 Jaruzelski Takes the Government Reins I05 -- 8 A Setup for Military Crackdown 117 -- 9 A Close Call? I37 -- Part III: Marching to the End Game, April-December 1981 -- 10 Liberalization Infects the Party I53 -- 11 Solidarity Charges Ahead, and the Regime Digs In 169 -- 12 Bringing Down the Curtain 189 -- 13 Caught Off Guard 2II -- 14 Would It Have Made a Difference? 235

There is a growing realization that many of the problems afflicting American elections can be traced to the electoral system itself, in particular to our winner-take-all approach to electing officials. Douglas Amy demonstrates that switching to proportional representation elections -- the voting system used in most other Western democracies, by which officials are elected in large, multimember districts according to the proportion of the vote won by their parties -- would enliven democratic political debate, increase voter choice and voter turnout, ensure fair representation for third parties

Exploring the advantages and disadvantages of different voting systems used in the USA and many other Western democracies, this text provides information and analytical tools needed to examine voting systems and their far-reaching political implications

Due to state and federally mandated programs, local governments are increasingly resorting to innovative and alternative means of performing their functions because taxpayers are becoming more resistant to tax increases. Certain conditions need to exist for governmental innovation to be possible. This work explores these situations, using case studies in local government to discuss in detail innovative programs in risk management, zoning, stormwater management, public safety, housing, and governmental format