Introduction: Weimar modernism -- Ernst Bloch's theory of nonsimultaneity -- Berlin Dada, Carl Schmitt, Georg Lukács, and the critique of contemplation -- From contemplation to distraction : the culture of inflation and the inflation of culture -- The art of disappearance : Adorno's aesthetics of modernism and Alban Berg's music -- From distraction to mobilization : Ernst Jünger, photography, and the imperial gaze of the worker -- From mobilization to interruption : dialectic at a standstill or Walter Benjamin on the politicization of the aesthetic in Brecht's epic theater
The world's lower-income countries face an urgent need for public revenue to build social and economic infrastructure. These countries, however, face a dilemma in seeking to tax the income of multinational companies operating within their borders. On the one hand, because lower-income countries face substantial limitations on their ability to raise revenue from broad-based taxes like personal income tax and value added tax, corporate taxes represent a large potential source of additional revenue. On the other hand, governments of lower-income countries often perceive international competition for investment as limiting their ability to levy taxes on multinationals. This book seeks to explore this dilemma and to recommend policy measures that might enable lower-income countries to increase revenue from corporate tax in a world that is likely to remain characterised by tax competition. The book seeks to shed light on the complicated historical, economic and political roots of today's global corporate tax system – roots that have produced tax laws that all countries, but especially developing countries with resource constrained tax administrations, have difficulty administering effectively. The book concludes by offering: (i) specific policy initiatives for governments to consider, and (ii) observations concerning the social responsibility faced by multinational companies, the governments of countries at all levels of economic development, and international organisations like the OECD and United Nations, in addressing the pressing revenue needs of lower-income countries.
In the preceding four chapters of this book, I have sought to explore (i) the economic and political roots of base erosion and profit shifting in lower-income countries and (ii) the recent (and continuing) efforts of the OECD and other international organizations to redress the problem, in connection with the BEPS studies. Based on the analyses in these prior chapters, I offer in this chapter suggestions for policy initiatives that seem especially promising for lower-income countries. These include some measures recommended by the BEPS studies and others that are outside their scope.
