Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- I Beyond Family, Household, and Kinship -- 1. Learned Women in the Eighteenth Century -- 2. From Daughter to Daughter-in-Law in the Women's Script of Southern Hunan -- 3. Out of the Traditional Halls of Academe: Exploring New Avenues for Research on Women -- 4. China's Modernization and Changes in the Social Status of Rural Women -- II Sex and the Social Order -- 5. Desire, Danger, and the Body: Stories of Women's Virtue in Late Ming China -- 6. Rethinking Van Gulik: Sexuality and Reproduction in Traditional Chinese Medicine -- 7. Modernizing Sex, Sexing Modernity: Prostitution in Early Twentieth-Century Shanghai -- 8. Male Suffering and Male Desire: The Politics of Reading Half of Man Is Woman by Zhang Xianliang -- III Where Liberation Lies -- 9. Gender, Political Culture, and Women's Mobilization in the Chinese Nationalist Revolution, 1924–1927 -- 10. Liberation Nostalgia and a Yearning for Modernity -- 11. The Origins of China's Birth Planning Policy -- 12. Chinese Women Workers: The Delicate Balance between Protection and Equality -- IV Becoming Women in the Post-Mao Era -- 13. Women's Consciousness and Women's Writing -- 14. Women, Illness, and Hospitalization: Images of Women in Contemporary Chinese Fiction -- 15. Politics and Protocols of Funü: (Un)Making National Woman -- 16. Economic Reform and the Awakening of Chinese Women's Collective Consciousness -- Notes -- Contributors
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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- The Modern Girl as Heuristic Device: Collaboration, Connective Comparison, Multidirectional Citation -- The Modern Girl Around the World: Cosmetics Advertising and the Politics of Race and Style -- From the Washtub to the World: Madam C. J. Walker and the ''Re-creation'' of Race Womanhood, 1900-1935 -- Making the Modern Girl French: From New Woman to Éclaireuse -- The Modern Girl and Racial Respectability in 1930s South Africa -- Racial Masquerade: Consumption and Contestation of American Modernity -- All-Consuming Nationalism: The Indian Modern Girl in the 1920s and 1930s -- The Dance Class or the Working Class: The Soviet Modern Girl -- Who Is Afraid of the Chinese Modern Girl? -- ''Blackfella Missus Too Much Proud'': Techniques of Appearing, Femininity, and Race in Australian Modernity -- The ''Modern Girl'' Question in the Periphery of Empire: Colonial Modernity and Mobility among Okinawan Women in the 1920s and 1930s -- Contesting Consumerisms in Mass Women's Magazines -- Buying In: Advertising and the Sexy Modern Girl Icon in Shanghai in the 1920s and 1930s -- Fantasies of Universality? Neue Frauen, Race, and Nation in Weimar and Nazi Germany -- concluding commentaries -- Girls Lean Back Everywhere -- After the Grand Tour: The Modern Girl, the New Woman, and the Colonial Maiden -- The Modern Girl and Commodity Culture -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index
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Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Beyond What? An Introduction -- Part 1 Globalization and the Postcolonial Eclipse -- Beyond the Straits: Postcolonial Allegories of the Globe -- On Globalization, Again! -- The Ruins of Empire: The National and Global Politics of America's Return to Rome -- The Economic Image-Function of the Periphery -- Part 2 Neoliberalism and the Postcolonial World -- The End of History, Again? Pursuing the Past in the Postcolony -- A Flight from Freedom -- Decomposing Modernity: History and Hierarchy after Development -- ''The Deep Thoughts the One in Need Falls Into'': Quotidian Experience and the Perspectives of Poetry in Postliberation South Africa -- Between the Burqa and the Beauty Parlor? Globalization, Cultural Nationalism, and Feminist Politics -- part 3 Beyond the Nation-State (and Back Again) -- Environmentalism and Postcolonialism -- Beyond Black Atlantic and Postcolonial Studies: The South African Differences of Sol Plaatje and Peter Abrahams -- Pathways to Postcolonial Nationhood: The Democratization of Difference in Contemporary Latin America -- Traveling Multiculturalism: A Trinational Debate in Translation -- The Ballad of the Sad Café: Israeli Leisure, Palestinian Terror, and the Post/colonial Question -- Part 4 Postcolonial Studies and the Disciplines in Transformation -- Hybridity and Heresy: Apartheid Comparative Religion in Late Antiquity -- EugenicWoman, Semicolonialism, and Colonial Modernity as Problems for Postcolonial Theory -- The Social Construction of Postcolonial Studies -- Postcolonial Studies and the Study of History -- The Politics of Postcolonial Modernism -- Bibliography -- Contributors -- Index
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Background: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16-30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77-0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50-0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80-0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54-0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.