Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: INTRODUCTION -- 1 Introduction -- Understanding the Connections between Social and Personal Problems -- Distress as a Sign -- Gradations in Distress -- Ordinary People in the Community -- Preview -- Part I: Introduction -- Part II: Researching the Causes of Distress -- Chapter 2: Measuring Psychological Distress. -- Chapter 3: Real-World Causes of Real-World Misery. -- Part III: Social Patterns of Distress -- Chapter 4: Established Patterns. -- Chapter 5: New Patterns. -- Part IV: Explaining the Patterns -- Chapter 6: Life Change: An Abandoned Explanation. -- Chapter 7: Alienation. -- Chapter 8: Authoritarianism and Inequity. -- Part V: Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Why Some People Are More Distressed Than Others -- Part II: RESEARCHING THE CAUSES OF DISTRESS -- 2 Measuring Psychological Weil-Being and Distress -- What Is Psychological Distress? -- Depression and Anxiety -- Mood and Malaise -- The Opposite of Well-Being -- Not Dissatisfaction or Alienation -- Not Mental Illness -- A Human Universal -- Diagnosis: Superimposed Distinctions -- Psychological Problems Are Real, But Not Entities -- The Linguistic Legacy of Infectious-Disease Epidemiology. -- Reification of Categories in Psychiatry. -- The Alternative: The Type and Severity of Symptoms. -- Reliability versus Certainty: The Fallacy of the Two-Category Scale. -- A Person Does Not Have to Be Diagnosed to Be Helped. -- How a Diagnosis Is Made -- Diagnosing Schizophrenia. -- A Sea of Troubles -- The Patterns of Symptoms: Galaxies, Nebulae, or Spectra? -- Mapping the 4,095 Correlations among Ninety-One Symptoms. -- A Circular Spectrum. -- The Multiplication of Diagnoses -- Conclusion: The Story of a Woman Diagnosed -- Appendix of Symptom Indexes -- Schizophrenia -- Paranoia -- Depressed Mood -- Manic Mood

A 10-year study evaluating the effects of introducing Total Communication into a previously oral/aural school environment was undertaken by St. Mary's School for the Deaf with researchers at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. The report provides data on students' achievement levels and communication skills. Faculty evaluated Total Communication effects on academic achievement, speech development, speechreading, reading, and writing. Three groups were studied: Pre-TC , students enrolled five years prior to Total Communication; Mixed , students who received part of their education under the oral/aural method and part under the Total Communication method; and TC , students who had all their education in Total Communication. Faculty and staff perceptions and empirical test results indicate important changes in achievement levels and communication skills. Causal factors and the impact of Total Communication are examined.

This Element provides a comparative empirical study of policing in the United States and France. It draws on ten years of field work to contend that the police in both countries should be thought about as an amalgam of five distinct professional cultures or 'intelligence regimes'.

L'article discute la thèse selon laquelle tout outil d'action publique incarnerait une certaine philosophie des rapports administration-administrés. À partir de deux exemples d'instrument policier d'intelligence, dont nous comparons les usages en France et aux États-Unis, nous montrons que ces outils sont malléables, au sens où ils peuvent être placés au service de conceptions très différentes des relations police-population. Ainsi, l'analyse stratégique, qui a originellement été introduite dans le monde policier pour étayer les approches territorialisées-préventives de police de résolution de problème, a par la suite été adaptée à la police de renseignement criminel et à sa philosophie d'action managériale-répressive. De même, l'infiltration policière a été utilisée dans une grande variété de cadres d'action, dont chacun induit des relations spécifiques avec les destinataires du travail policier : l'investigation judiciaire, la police des activités politiques, le contrôle des mœurs, la réduction des désordres urbains.

Does neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) have a significant positive effect on health over and above the personal and household socioeconomic status of the residents who live there, and, if it does, what is its relative importance compared to an individual's own SES? Resolution of this question has been impeded by lack of conceptual clarity in the definitions of socioeconomic status on the micro– and macro–levels, and unreliable and noncomprehensive adjustment for micro–level socioeconomic status. Using the Community, Crime and Health Survey (CCH), based on a representative sample of Illinois households with linked census tract information, we find that, with adjustment for personal socioeconomic status, residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods have significantly higher levels of physical impairment than do residents of more advantaged neighborhoods. The neighborhood effect is small compared to individual socioeconomic status, especially education, employment status, household income, and economic hardship, all of which have larger associations with health than does neighborhood socioeconomic status (measured as home ownership, college–educated adults, and poverty). in comparison, home ownership on the micro–level does not have a significant effect on physical functioning. We conclude that about 40 percent of the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and individual health is contextual and about 60 percent is compositional.