Suchergebnisse

Measuring the value of GM traits: the theory & practice of willingness to pay analysis / Simbo Olubobokun, Peter W.B. Philips -- Do agricultural commodity prices respond to GMO bans? / Nicholas G. Kalaitzandonakes, Loe L. Parcell -- Consumer acceptance and labeling of GMOs in food products: a study of fluid milk demand / Kristin Kiesel, David Buschena, Vincent Smith -- Consumer purchasing behavior towards GM foods in the Netherlands / Leonie Marks, Nicholas Kalaitzandonakes, Steven Vickner -- The welfare effects of implementing mandatory GM labeling in the United States / Wallace E. Huffman, Matthew Rousu, Jason F. Shogren, Abebayehu Tegene -- Using simulated test marketing to examine purchase interest in food products that are positioned as GMO free / Marianne McGarry Wolf, Angela Stephens, Nicci Pedrazzi -- Willingness to pay for genetically modified food labeling in New Zealand / William Kaye-Blake, Kathryn Bicknell, Charles Lamb -- Contingent valuation of breakfast cereals made of nonbiotech ingredients / Wanki Moon, Siva Balasubramanian -- A comparative analysis of consumer acceptance of GM foods in Norway and in the United States / Wen D. Chern, Kyrre Rickertsen -- Comparing the consumer responses toward genetically modified foods in Japan and Norway / Jill J. McCluskey, Kristine M. Grimsrud, Thomas I. Wahl -- Willingness to pay for GM foods: results from a public survey in the U.S. / Hsin-Yi Chen, Wen S. Chern -- A comparison of consumer attitudes toward genetically modified food in Italy and the United States / Marianne McGarry Wolf, Paola Bertolini, Jacob Parker-Garcia -- Consumer attitudes toward genetically modified food in Ireland and the United States / Marianne McGarry Wolf, Juliana McDonnell, Christine Domegan, Heidi Yount -- Attitudes toward genetically modified food in Colombia / Douglas Pachico, Marianne McGarry Wolf -- Consumer acceptance and development perspectives of functional food in Germany / Heiko Dustmann, H. Wendlmaier -- Factors explaining opposition to GMOs in France and Europe / Sylvie Bonny -- Introducing novel protein foods in the EU: economic and environmental impacts / Xueqin Zhu, Ekko van Ireland, Justus Wesseler -- Consumer attitudes towards genetically modified foods: the modeling of preference changes / Chantal Pohl Nielsen, Karen Thierfelder, Sherman Robinson

India's investments in agricultural research, extension, and irrigation have made it one of the largest publicly funded systems in the world. But some policymakers who perceive that the benefits to research may be declining are advocating a cut back on public spending on research. This research report, which examines the effects of research and development on productivity in India, finds that India is still benefiting from these investments. The main sources of agricultural productivity growth in India during 1956–87 were public agricultural research and extension; expansion of irrigated area and rural infrastructure and improvement in human capital were also important contributors. The report also shows that the public benefits from private research can be sub stantial, indicating that private firms capture only part of the real value of improved inputs through higher prices. Private agricultural research accounted for more than 10 per cent of growth of total facto productivity (TFP) during 1956–87, and in 1966–75, when India was more open to foreign technology, private research contributed 22 per cent of productivity gowth. Industrial policy and technology policy, including intellectual property rights policy, will require careful evaluation and reform in order to encourage private investment in agriculture. Even so, Pray and Rosegrant argue that barriers to technology transfer should be removed in order to stimulate technology transfer and growth. Nevertheless, public investment in agricultural research will likely retain its primary role. Contrary to concerns that growth in TFP has decreased over time, the report finds that during 1977–87, the period when the results in regions that adopted high-yielding varieties early on could be expected to taper off, TFP growth was 50 per cent higher than before the Green Revolution and 17 per cent higher than in the early years of the Green Revolution, indicating that gains are far from over. The rates of return to public agricultural research are high, and it appears that the government is under investing in agricultural research. Expanding public investment in research and extension would lead to even greater gains. (Forward by Per Pinstrup-Andersen) ; PR ; IFPRI1

The regulatory systems in place prior to the development and expansion of agricultural biotechnology are still responding to this new form of technology. Such systems include trade law, intellectual property law, contract law, environmental regulations and biosafety regulations. This book reviews these reforms which are aimed at achieving a regulatory system supported by consumers and other political groups. The 24 chapters have been developed from papers presented at a conference of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Italy in July 2002. Primary consideration is given to the relationship between these regulatory changes and innovation, market development and international trade. The chapters are presented in the 6 sections: introduction and overview (1 chapter); evolving regulation systems (6 chapters); regulation and innovation (5 chapters); regulations, market structures and innovation (4 chapters); regulation and market development (5 chapters); and economic impacts (3 chapters). A subject index is supplied. This book will be of interest to those working within biotechnology, law and agricultural economics.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I INTRODUCTION -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Innovation in an Historical Perspective: Tales of Technology and Evolution -- Part II COUNTRY STUDIES -- 3 The United States -- 4 Japan -- 5 Germany -- 6 France -- 7 The United Kingdom -- 8 The Nordic Countries -- Part III INDUSTRY STUDIES -- 9 The Internet -- 10 Computers and Semiconductors -- 11 Banking and Financial Intermediation -- 12 Securities Trading -- 13 Venture Capital -- 14 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology -- 15 Agricultural Biotechnology -- 16 Electric Power -- 17 Automobiles -- Bibliography -- Author Index -- Subject Index