Suchergebnisse

Since 1981 the Brazilian economic and political system has passed through a period of crisis and upheaval. The country's foreign debt has been at the center of its economic problems, and the debt crisis has defined many of the contours of the political crisis. This article will examine Brazil's accumulation of the Third World's largest foreign debt and the consequences of both the debt and the debt crisis for the Brazilian pattern of economic and political development. The article will focus on the role of economic interests, specifically the role of different sectors of the Brazilian business community, in the borrowing boom and bust.

Zwei Pole kennzeichnen die beiden Hauptlinien in der Entwicklung der internationalen kommunistischen Bewegung nach 1928: Die rigid-doktrinäre Linie Stalins bestand auf den Prinzipien des sowjetischen Modells des Übergangs zum Sozialismus und betrachtete die Beschlüsse des 6. Komintern-Weltkongresses über die Volksfrontpolitik lediglich als taktische Adaption vorübergehender Natur. Der rechte Flügel suchte dagegen nach neuen Wegen zum Sozialismus und sah in der Volksfrontpolitik eine langfristige Strategie dieses Übergangs. Zumindest seit dem 6. Weltkongreß besteht eine Kontinuität des "reformistischen" Flügels im europäischen Kommunismus. Polyzentrismus und Eurokommunismus stehen in dieser Tradition und stellen gewissermaßen eine extreme Fortsetzung der Opposition gegen die stalinistische Linie dar. (BIOst-Hat)

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Acronyms -- Introduction: Modern Political Economy and the Policy Revolution in Latin America -- PART ONE Theoretical Perspectives -- Section 1 Contending Perspectives on Market Failure and Government Failure -- 1 The Origins of Structuralism -- 2 Government Failures in Development -- 3 What Washington Means by Policy Reform -- 4 How Can States Foster Markets? -- 5 Improving the State's Institutional Capability -- Section II Explanations of Government Policy -- 6 The Method of Analysis: Modern Political Economy -- 7 Political Models of Macroeconomic Policy and Fiscal Reforms -- 8 Understanding Economic Policy Reform -- 9 What Do We Know about the Political Economy of Economic Policy Reform? -- 10 Uses and Limitations of Rational Choice -- PART TWO Applications -- Section III The Political Economy of Growth since Independence -- 11 Obstacles to Economic Growth in Nineteenth-Century Mexico -- 12 Economic Retardation in Nineteenth-Century Brazil -- 13 Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth Among New World Economies -- 14 Latin American Manufacturing and the First World War -- 15 Latin America in the 1930s -- Section IV Foreign Trade and Industrial Policy -- 16 Import Substitution Industrialization -- 17 Was Latin America Too Rich to Prosper? -- 18 The Case for Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries -- 19 The Origins of Mexico's Free Trade Policy -- 20 The Political Economy of MERCOSUR -- Section V Foreign Capital and the Macroeconomy -- 21 Forms of External Capital and Economic Development in Latin America: 1820-1997 -- 22 External Debt and Macroeconomic Performance in Latin America and East Asia -- 23 Inflows of Capital to Developing Countries in the 1990s -- 24 Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Progress and Problems

This is a reader that applies the newest debates in political economy to the analysis of Latin America in a way that is thematically and theoretically cohesive. Modern Political Economy and Latin America consists of carefully selected, edited readings in Latin American political economy. The editors, Jeffry Frieden and Manuel Pastor, Jr., include an introductory chapter, and a concluding article as well as brief introductions to all sections. These inclusions will make explicit the theoretical underpinnings of each article, and will highlight their respective contributions to the ongoing debates in Latin America. } Modern Political Economy and Latin America consists of carefully selected, edited readings in Latin American political economy. The editors, Jeffry Frieden and Manuel Pastor, Jr., include an introductory chapter, and a concluding article as well as brief introductions to all sections. These inclusions will make explicit the theoretical underpinnings of each article, and will highlight their respective contributions to the ongoing debates in Latin America.Latin American economies are undergoing profound transformations. And, in the wake of a decade-long debt crisis, the statist models of the past are giving way to a reliance on the market even as authoritarian rule seems to have ebbed in favor of new or reborn democratic institutions. As a result, the policy framework guiding economic and political development is likely to be fundamentally different. The analysis of Latin America needs a strong dose of modern political economy--one that can bring the area studies field up to date with the recent developments on the theoretical end of the economics and political science professions. This book helps fill that need. }

Now in its fourth edition, this best-selling reader in international political economy offers 31 solid articles - 15 new - by renowned scholars in political science and economics.

AbstractWhy do some societies embrace innovative technologies, policies, and ideas, while others are slow to adopt, and some even resist, them? Incumbent producers are most likely to be affected by certain kinds of innovations; they also wield a disproportionate influence in the design of institutions and policies that encourage or limit their adoption. We show formally that the elite has four cardinal policy options: to appropriate the innovation for itself; to encourage its adoption; to tax, regulate, or limit the innovation; or to block it. We show that six features of an innovation determine how it is received: (i) whether it is easy to replicate; (ii) whether it complements or competes with the elite's sources of income; (iii) whether its impact is broad or narrow; (iv) whether it is location‐dependent, and (v) concealable; (vi) whether it requires large fixed costs. While other works have occasionally considered one of these factors, we show where each feature comes from, and we assess them systematically and together. We provide illustrative evidence of the relevance and generality of the model to understand the fate of a variety of innovations.

European support for integration is shaped by a range of economic, cultural, and political factors. However, in recent decades, scholars have argued that utilitarian calculations have become less important as European integration has advanced, and political entrepreneurs have mobilized nationalist identities. We analyze 24 years of responses to the Eurobarometer (1995–2018) to assess the influence of economic factors on public attitudes toward European integration. We find strong evidence that utilitarian factors are important across the entire panel. The performance of the macro-economy, as measured by unemployment, and an individual's position in the labor market, are consistent predictors of public support for and satisfaction with the European Union. Collective identity is also associated with attitudes toward the European Union. However, an individual's identity is also shaped by economic circumstances.

Analyzing international negotiations among the member states of the European Union raises a number of analytical issues, especially in unusual circumstances such as the Eurozone crisis. Our article discusses these issues in the light of existing theory and informed by the empirical analyses assembled in this special issue. 'National preferences' or ideal points of the governments involved are driven by their domestic socio-economic and political conditions and institutions, the dimensionality of the negotiations, and strategic considerations. We then discuss how national preferences, states' bargaining power, the strategic and institutional bargaining context, and the bargaining dynamics jointly influence the bargaining outcome. Examples from European negotiations in the context of the Eurozone crisis illustrate both the complexity of the process and the value of serious, theoretically informed, empirical analysis.