This course demonstrates how to conduct historical research through a case study of a nineteenth-century work of British political satire, "The Egyptian Red Book." It examines how to categorize historical documents, how to identify images of unknown figures, and how to decode satire from a different historical period. It will introduce a variety of research techniques used by historians as well as a number of resources available at research libraries.
This course explores how to study material culture and political history through a series of research questions centered on the Souvenir of Egypt, a decorative silk from the nineteenth century that is included in the Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA). A variety of images are depicted on the Souvenir of Egypt, including texts, flags, portraits and a landscape scene. We will research and identify each of the images on the silk in order to gain an understanding of their meanings independently and in relation to one another and to build a larger argument about the Souvenir's historical significance.
This module is a guide to the process of identifying what type of work you are researching and using that information to expand the potential of different research projects. You will be introduced to the process of categorizing the works you find in your research, locating similar and divergent works and using them in concert to contextualize the "Egyptian Red Book," a satire of the British government Sudan policy included in the Travelers in the Middle East Archive.
This course is designed to introduce you to the basic structure of the British Parliament and the organization of its historical documents. ; This work was created using the Connexions authoring platform. This platform will be retired as of the end of 2021. This work has been migrated to PDF format for continuous access to the educational content, however any embedded links within the text to the legacy platform may no longer be accessible.
The article considers environmental law policy as a component, an independent type of national legal policy, as well as state and sectoral environmental policy. The existence of correlative, mutual influence of ecological and legal doctrine on formation of the corresponding policy is proved. It is substantiated that the ecological and legal legal doctrine significantly influences the current state of the state ecological policy (and this influence is mutual), formation of the ecological legislation and integration of Ukraine into the European legal space. It was stated that Ukraine first of all needs to intensify law-making, modernize the provisions of the environmental and legal doctrine, based on the concepts of which will be revised, updated provisions of public policy, legal understanding, and hence law enforcement. Further institutionalization of the basic provisions of the ecological and legal doctrine in the legislation becomes a necessary condition for the further development of law-making and statehood. It is emphasized that the use of environmental and legal doctrine will speed up the law-making process, in particular due to the adaptation of regulations to European standards; formulate legislative definitions that will gradually become an important part of environmental regulations; develop a "road map" for the development of environmental policy and legislation, etc. It is emphasized that the current state of the legal system requires a fuller use of the law-making potential of environmental law doctrine and the implementation of its main functions - stabilizing, guiding, heuristic, rule-making, evaluative and prognostic. Therefore, it is expedient to apply the ecological and legal doctrine as a methodological platform of the ecological and legal policy. The necessity of developing concepts of systematization of the ecological legislation, and also legal policy is proved. ; В статье эколого-правовая политика рассматривается как составляющая, самостоятельный вид национальной правовой политики, а также государственной и отраслевой экологической политики. Доказано существование коррелятивного, взаимного влияния эколого-правовой доктрины на формирование соответствующей политики. Обосновано, что эколого-правовая правовая доктрина существенно влияет на современное состояние государственной экологической политики (при этом данное влияние является взаимным), формирование экологического законодательства и интеграции Украины в европейское правовое пространство. Констатировано, что Украине прежде всего нужно активизировать правотворчество, модернизировать положения эколого-правовой доктрины, опираясь на концепты которой будут пересмотрены и обновлены положения государственной политики, правопонимания, следовательно и правоприменения. Дальнейшая институционализация основных положений эколого-правовой доктрины в законодательстве становится необходимым условием дальнейшего развития правотворчества и государственности. ; У статті еколого-правову політику розглянуто як складову, самостійний вид національної правової політики, а також державної й галузевої екологічної політики. Доведено існування корелятивного, взаємного впливу еколого-правової доктрини на формування відповідної політики. Обґрунтовано, що еколого-правова правова доктрина істотно впливає на сучасний стан державної екологічної політики (при цьому цей вплив є взаємним), формування екологічного законодавства та інтеграцію України до європейського правового простору. Констатовано, що Україні передусім потрібно активізувати правотворення, модернізувати положення еколого-правової доктрини, спираючись на концепти якої будуть переглянуті й оновлені положення державної політики, праворозуміння, а відтак і правозастосування. Подальша інституціоналізація засадничих положень еколого-правової доктрини в законодавстві стає необхідною умовою подальшого розвитку правотворення й державності.
The article touches upon the essence of funding sources for state target programs based on the analysis of the current national legislation. The existing points of view concerning the classification of types of funding sources of state target programs are investigated. Within the scope of the summarized scientific works, it was developed and proposed to legislate the following generalized broad classification of sources of financing of state target programs in Ukraine: the State Budget of Ukraine; local budgets; trust funds; other sources that are not prohibited by law since the sources of funding for state–targeted programs are predominantly used repeatedly, in addition, many of them are part–regular. One–time sources are quickly exhausted and do not ensure the sustainability of funding state–targeted programs. Therefore, it is such an expanded classification that takes into account all the work of national scientists in terms of the study of funding sources for state–targeted programs and will be in line with international experience. ; В статье раскрыта сущность источников финансирования государственных целевых программ на основе анализа действующего отечественного законодательства. Исследованы существующие точки зрения относительно классификации видов источников финансирования государственных целевых программ. На основе обобщения научных работ, разработано и предлагается законодательно закрепить следующую обобщенную расширенную классификацию источников финансирования государственных целевых программ в Украине: Государственный бюджет Украины; местные бюджеты; целевые фонды; другие источники, не запрещенные законодательством. Именно такая расширенная классификация учитывает все наработки отечественных ученых в части исследования источников финансирования государственных целевых программ и будет соответствовать международному опыту. ; У статті розкрито сутність джерел фінансування держаних цільових програм на основі аналізу чинного вітчизняного законодавства. Досліджено існуючі точки зору щодо класифікації видів джерел фінансування державних цільових програм. На основі узагальнення наукових праць, розроблено та пропонується законодавчо закріпити наступну узагальнену розширену класифікацію джерел фінансування державних цільових програм в Україні: Державний бюджет України; місцеві бюджети; цільові фонди; інші джерела, які не заборонені законодавством. Саме така розширена класифікація враховує усі напрацювання вітчизняних вчених у частині дослідження джерел фінансування державних цільових програм та буде відповідати міжнародному досвіду.
In 1938, in NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co., the Supreme Court offered one of its earliest interpretations of the National Labor Relations Act. Although the Court's holding provided that employers may not discriminate against employees for their union activity when the strike is over and workers are reinstated, dicta in the opinion also provided that under the NLRA employers enjoy an unrestricted right to replace strikers. In the 70 years since the Court's announcement, scholars remain baffled by the contradictions presented by the "Mackay doctrine"—a rule that forbids employers from discharging legally protected strikers while, at the same time, allows those employers to hire other workers to replace strikers. Such a rule seemingly upsets the neutrality toward the parties the NLRA was intended to embody. But as irreconcilable as these principles seem, the Mackay doctrine failed to attract sustained criticism until the 1960s. To account for this latter day criticism, the authors examine the history of the case, but more significantly, the developments in labor law and industrial relations in the years since Mackay was decided. Their analysis reveals some of the basic problems, tensions, and social understandings that underlie the NLRA. Ultimately, they conclude, Mackay reiterates the abiding need for worker solidarity in collective bargaining. The willingness of individuals to make cause with others, and make personal sacrifices for the common good, not only inform labor relations, but are central to the survival of any democracy.
In A Common Law for Labor Relations: A Critique of the New Deal Labor Litigation, Professor Epstein claimed to have undertaken serious criticism and review of the American system of labor relations as it has been structured by two pieces of New Deal era legislation. Although such a work could have been of great value to diverse disciplines, Epstein's lacks empirical scope and raises methodological questions. Instead of grappling with the subject matter seriously, Epstein merely uses the late nineteenth century form of the common law as a benchmark against which to compare the modern statutory schemes set forth in the Norris-LaGuardia Act and the National Labor Relations Act. As a result, he never answers the questions a genuine critical evaluation would have to address. In this response, the authors argue that Professor Epstein's work does not contribute in any way to our existing knowledge about labor law, it sheds no light on the reality of labor relations, and it adds nothing to our understanding of the impact labor law has had on society.
