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AbstractThis article studies in how far participation of stakeholders enhances their active support for place brands, conceptualized in this study as Brand Citizenship Behavior (BCB). Combining insights from governance and branding theory this article uses survey data (N = 162) among stakeholders involved in branding processes of two Dutch regions. The analysis shows that more intense participation in the development of the brand is related to more BCB. Beyond participation, perceived value of the brand for stakeholders and degree of place identity (identification with place) also positively relate to brand citizenship behavior. The findings not only confirm the importance of participation in achieving support for public brands, but also provide insight into the role of affective factors (identification) and interest‐based factors (value of the brand for the stakeholder) on BCB.

Interoperability between different organizations is a complex task, where a key element is to be able to define without ambiguity the concepts that are involved in each domain and their relations. A key aspect for enabling e-government is the technological support for complex interaction scenarios, defining collaborative Business Processes (BPs) that are the basis for these interactions. E-government collaborative BPs involve several and heterogeneous participants: organizations, partners, and users, with different capabilities, needs, and available technical support. The goal of this paper is to present ongoing research on e-government cross-organizational collaborative BPs support in a service-based interoperability platform. This proposal is focused on the formalization and exploitation of e-government knowledge and information (i.e., metamodels and ontologies) to improve the definition, automated generation, control, monitoring and improvement of e-government collaborative BPs.

Following the vision of the Internet of Things, physical world entities are integrated into virtual world things. Things are expected to become active participants in business and social processes. Then, the Internet of Things could benefit from the Web Service architecture like today's Web does, so Future ser-vice-oriented Internet things will offer their functionality via service-enabled in-terfaces. In previous work, we demonstrated the need of considering the behav-iour of things to develop applications in a more rigorous way, and we proposed a lightweight model for representing such behaviour. Our methodology relies on the service-oriented paradigm and extends the DPWS profile to specify the order with which things can receive messages. We also proposed a static verifi-cation technique to check whether a mashup of things respects the behaviour, specified at design-time, of the composed things. However, a change in the be-haviour of a thing may cause that some compositions do not fulfill its behaviour anymore. Moreover, given that a thing can receive requests from instances of different mashups at run-time, these requests could violate the behaviour of that thing, even though each mashup fulfills such behaviour, due to the change of state of the thing. To address these issues, we present a proposal based on me-diation techniques and complex event processing to detect and inhibit invalid invocations, so things only receive requests compatible with their behaviour. ; Work partially supported by projects TIN2008-05932, TIN2012-35669, CSD2007-0004 funded by Spanish Ministry MINECO and FEDER; P11-TIC-7659 funded by Andalusian Government; and Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The objective of this article is to understand the historical context in Latin America by establishing a relationship with social education through the exchange of letters between three social educators, Latin Americans, who work in the area of social education in Brazil and Uruguay, academic women and with A strong political and educational commitment to the popular classes, this article is designed to encourage other reflections on the processes of social education.In this article we will have the narrative as a methodological option, since we understand that it is full of singular meanings, which allow problematization, understanding and reveal certain phenomena, in this case, on social education, historical events are woven from from parts existentially selected by the narrators "[.] therefore, the narrative is not just the product of um" to tell ", she also has a power of effect on what she narrates" (Delory, 2012, p. 82). ; El objetivo de este artículo es comprender el contexto histórico en América Latina estableciendo una relación con la educación social a través del intercambio de cartas entre tres educadoras sociales, latinoamericanos, que trabajan en el área de educación social en Brasil y Uruguay, mujeres académicas y con un fuerte compromiso político y educativo con las clases populares; este artículo se gesta para incentivar otras reflexiones sobre los procesos de la educación social. En este artículo tendremos la narrativa como una opción metodológica, ya que entendemos que está llena de significados singulares, que permiten la problematización, la comprensión y develan ciertos fenómenos, en este caso, sobre la educación social, los acontecimientos históricos se van tejiendo a partir de partes seleccionadas existencialmente por las narradoras "[.] por lo tanto, la narración no es apenas el producto de un "de contar", ella tiene también un poder de efecto sobre lo que narra" (Delory, 2012, p.82).

The Great Lakes region of Central Africa is a major producer of common beans in Africa. The region is known for high population density and small average farm size. The common bean represents the most important legume crop of the region, grown on over a third of the cultivated land area, and the per capita consumption is among the highest in the world for the food crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in a collection of 365 genotypes from the Great Lakes region of Central Africa, including a large group of landraces from Rwanda as well as varieties from primary centers of diversity and from neighboring countries of Central Africa, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, using 30 fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers and automated allele detection. In addition, the landraces were evaluated for their seed iron and zinc concentration to determine if genetic diversity influenced nutritional quality. Principal coordinate and neighbor-joining analyses allowed the separation of the landraces into 132 Andean and 195 Mesoamerican (or Middle American) genotypes with 32 landraces and 6 varieties intermediate between the gene pools and representing inter-gene pool introgression in terms of seed characteristics and alleles. Genetic diversity and the number of alleles were high for the collection, reflecting the preference for a wide range of seed types in the region and no strong commercial class preference, although red, red mottled and brown seeded beans were common. Observed heterozygosity was also high and may be explained by the common practice of maintaining seed and plant mixtures, a coping strategy practiced by Central African farmers to reduce the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses. Finally, nutritional quality differed between the gene pools with respect to seed iron and zinc concentration, while genotypes from the intermediate group were notably high in both minerals. In conclusion, this study has shown that Central African varieties of common bean are a ...

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender el contexto histórico en América Latina estableciendo una relación con la educación social a través del intercambio de cartas entre tres educadoras sociales, latinoamericanos, que trabajan en el área de educación social en Brasil y Uruguay, mujeres académicas y con un fuerte compromiso político y educativo con las clases populares; este artículo se gesta para incentivar otras reflexiones sobre los procesos de la educación social. En este artículo tendremos la narrativa como una opción metodológica, ya que entendemos que está llena de significados singulares, que permiten la problematización, la comprensión y develan ciertos fenómenos, en este caso, sobre la educación social, los acontecimientos históricos se van tejiendo a partir de partes seleccionadas existencialmente por las narradoras "[.] por lo tanto, la narración no es apenas el producto de un "de contar", ella tiene también un poder de efecto sobre lo que narra" (Delory, 2012, p.82). ; The objective of this article is to understand the historical context in Latin America by establishing a relationship with social education through the exchange of letters between three social educators, Latin Americans, who work in the area of social education in Brazil and Uruguay, academic women and with A strong political and educational commitment to the popular classes, this article is designed to encourage other reflections on the processes of social education.In this article we will have the narrative as a methodological option, since we understand that it is full of singular meanings, which allow problematization, understanding and reveal certain phenomena, in this case, on social education, historical events are woven from from parts existentially selected by the narrators "[.] therefore, the narrative is not just the product of um" to tell ", she also has a power of effect on what she narrates" (Delory, 2012, p. 82).

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of the art and trends with regard to business process measurement by means of a systematic review of literature.Design/methodology/approachThe results are obtained through a systematic review carried out according to existing relevant guidelines. Additionally, a specific methodology through which to systematically obtain all the most important journals is followed. In total, 19 relevant articles are selected and later analyzed. A subsequent critical analysis of the data obtained is applied to identify the gaps in the current literature.FindingsA considerable effort has been made by researchers in the field of business process measurement, particularly in recent years. Many of the defined measures for business processes have been applied to models (approximately 77 per cent). Most of the initiatives concerning business measurement have been adapted from the software engineering field. A small percentage of the existing business process measures has been empirically validated.Originality/valueThe results presented contribute towards providing an updated overview of the current state of research into business process measurement, in order to identify existing research gaps and concerns on which ongoing and future research efforts on this topic can be focused.

Dada la importancia que la responsabilidad social desempeña en la actualidad, se ha considerado el enfoque de uno de los campos de aplicación que tiene dentro de las Instituciones de Educación Superior, es así que se evaluó la situación actual que presenta la Universidad Técnica de Machala en cuanto a Responsabilidad Social y Consumo Sostenible, cumpliendo funciones que corresponden a la formación e investigación, se realizó una recolección de datos lo cual permitió generar un diagnóstico de deficiencias de conocimiento de RS y cómo esto influye en el consumo sostenible, posteriormente se valora el campus responsable, gestión social de conocimiento, y participación social se ha identificado un nivel de conocimiento deficiente, el resultado referente a gestión y participación es limitada en relación a temas de responsabilidad social y consumo sostenible; no obstante la producción científica como programas y grupos de investigación se concentran mayormente en temas de cuidado ambiental, bienestar social e innovación, pese a las debilidades de conocimiento de RS, los participantes indicaron plena conciencia en cuanto a los impactos ambientales del consumo sostenible.

Morphometric characterisation is particularly relevant in the study of geomorphological heritage. 3D modelling techniques have been proven as very useful tools to recognise, characterise and valorise geomorphosites. Bedrock rivers account for one of the most outstanding aspects within geomorphological heritage due to the amount of distinctive and attractive geomorphological features associated to them and the high preservation of sculpted forms. Digital elevation models (DEMs) have made it increasingly possible to establish accurate morphometric indices and establish clearer connections between forms and processes. This paper reviews different methodologies to obtain DEMs on bedrock rivers. This review goes from DEM analysis at multiple spatial scales to introduce optical microrugosimeter as the latest technical development to facilitate micromorphometric analysis. Micromorphometric analysis opens the scope for improving the knowledge we have on trans-scale issues in bedrock rivers. Micromorphometric analysis also opens a new layer of information that enriches the public's valuation of geodiversity of geomorphosites by increasing its didactic and interpretative potential. ; This work was supported by Geomateriales 2 (S2013/MIT-2914) and Top Heritage (P2018/NMT-4372) programmes from the Regional Government of Madrid (Spain). ; Peer reviewed

An understanding of pollutant processes in rivers under different hydrological conditions is essential to assess its long-term evolution. This is especially relevant in Mediterranean rivers during rain events, when most of the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and pollutants are delivered. This study investigates the hydrochemical changes and pollutant fluxes in the Odiel River (SW Spain) during rainy conditions. For this purpose, high-resolution sampling (6 h) was performed to monitor dissolved and total concentrations of pollutants. During the rises in discharge, most dissolved elements had decreased concentrations due to the dilution effect of runoff waters and Fe precipitation processes. However, the particulate concentrations of some elements (As, Fe, Pb, Cr, Ti, V, and Ba) increased due to Fe-rich sediment remobilization, and to a lesser extent, direct precipitation. A two end-member mixing model applied to the collected data showed that the contribution of nonaffected waters was ∼85%–98% of the total discharge, highlighting the importance of mining lixiviates in the deterioration of Odiel water quality. An innovative methodology was applied to estimate dissolved and total pollutant loads, based on the relationships between dissolved concentrations and electrical conductivity (EC), and total concentrations and river flow. The importance of particulate metal transport during rain events in the Odiel River was significant. The total transport of Fe was 37 times higher than dissolved Fe, was almost 7 times higher for Pb, and 5 times higher for Cr, while As (1.1 t) was totally transported by particulate matter. ; This work has been financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through project CGL2010-21956-C02. CRC was financially supported by the Spanish Government with a research contract within the "Juan de la Cierva" program. The authors wish to thank the Environmental Council of the Andalusian Regional Government for the information provided for this study. We are grateful to John Selker, three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor Heidi Nepf for their insightful comments.

The Olivargas Reservoir is located in a remote and scarcely monitored area in the Odiel River Basin (Southwest Spain) and is used for domestic, agricultural and mining water supplies. In contrast with highly monitored reservoirs, this paper explores the application of the CE-QUAL-W2 model, that was designed by Cole and Wells in 2005, to a poorly monitored reservoir and the utility of the results obtained. The model satisfactorily reproduced the water head measured continuously over three years, temperature (T), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH measured bimonthly in a depth profile near the dam. A significant increase in TDS and decrease in DO and pH profiles were observed for four months, especially in the hypolimnion. The model reproduced changes in the parameters by assuming the occurrence of an acid water spill into the reservoir. A comparison of calculated results and measured TDS and DO prompted the conclusion that the spill consisted of approximately 3000 t of TDS (mainly sulfates) and 26 t of Fe(II) flowing into the reservoir for approximately 15 days at rates of approximately two and 0.02 kg/s, respectively. ; Rodolfo Jofre Melendez wishes to acknowledge the support of a mixed grant from CONACYT and a supplementary grant from the Directorate of Support to Research and Graduate of the University of Guanajuato, Mexico. This work was also funded by the Spanish Government's CGL2013-48460-C2, CTM2014-61221-JIN and PCIN2015-projects.

Regional environmental assessments aim to synthesize the complex dynamics of socioenvironmental systems to facilitate sustainable policymaking. Theoretically, these assessments serve as 'boundary objects' that link scientific knowledge and policy making within a multiagency context. Nevertheless, achieving a boundary object is challenging because of the significant technical and scientific uncertainties, as well as the contrasting perceptions, values, and ideologies regarding the environmental issues of concern. Drawing on theoretical developments concerning the meaning and interpretation of geographical entities, we introduce an analytical framework based upon the development of environmental ontologies. These ontologies are capable of depicting the complexity of socioenvironmental systems in manageable terms, so that the results are empirically valid and concretize the multidimensional meanings of geographical entities. The analytical framework is operationalized through a geographical information system — multicriteria modeling approach (GIS-MCDA). The approach is illustrated through a case study regarding the assessment of cumulative impacts in two urban watersheds in Mexico.

Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV‐1, genus Fabavirus, family Secoviridae) is a bipartite, single‐stranded positive‐sense RNA virus infecting many horticultural and ornamental crops worldwide. RNA1 encodes proteins involved in viral replication whereas RNA2 encodes two coat proteins (the large and small coat proteins) and two putative movement proteins (MPs) of different sizes with overlapping C‐terminal regions. In this work, we determined the role played by the small putative BBWV‐1 MP (VP37) on virus pathogenicity, host specificity, and suppression of post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). We engineered a BBWV‐1 35S‐driven full‐length cDNA infectious clone corresponding to BBWV‐1 RNA1 and RNA2 (pBBWV1‐Wt) and generated a mutant knocking out VP37 (pBBWV1‐G492C). Agroinfiltration assays showed that pBBWV1‐Wt, as the original BBWV‐1 isolate, infected broad bean, tomato, pepper, and Nicotiana benthamiana, whereas pBBWV1‐G492C did not infect pepper and tomato systemically. Also, pBBWV1‐G492C induced milder symptoms in broad bean and N. benthamiana than pBBWV1‐Wt. Differential retrotranscription and amplification of the (+) and (−) strands showed that pBBWV1‐G492C replicated in the agroinfiltrated leaves of pepper but not in tomato. All this suggests that VP37 is a determinant of pathogenicity and host specificity. Transient expression of VP37 through a potato virus X (PVX) vector enhanced PVX symptoms and induced systemic necrosis associated with programmed cell death in N. benthamiana plants. Finally, VP37 was identified as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing by transient expression in N. benthamiana 16c plants and movement complementation of a viral construct based on turnip crinkle virus (pTCV‐GFP). ; This research work was funded by the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (PROY‐IVIA‐2013/14 nº5426). C.C. was the recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Italian Government University of Palermo.