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Discusses the ecological undertones of Mahatma Gandhi's political ideals & his influence on the contemporary environmental movement in India. Gandhi cautioned against the wholesale industrialization of India in forecasting the potential exploitation of India's human & environmental resources. The solution to industrialism according to Gandhi is found in the concept of the ideal Indian village that embodies many of the same elements of the environmentalist utopia: local self-reliance, a clean environment, coupled with attention to soil fertility. Today's environmentalists in India are reprimanded for identifying Gandhi with good in equal proportion in which Jawaharlal Nehru is identified with bad. It is argued that Nehru's vision was justifiably centered around rapid industrial development, & it is unfair to condemn Nehru for being a man of his time. M. Greenberg

This text presents an interpretative ecological history of the Indian subcontinent. Using a general theory of ecological history, the authors provide a fresh interpretation of India's history, including an ecological account of the caste system and a sociological analysis of resource use.

Ce texte est un extrait du rapport rendu 1 par Ramachandra Guha et Madhav Gadgil pour l' unrisd , en 1992. Il reste pertinent au sens où la classification proposée et les exemples donnés restent largement représentatifs de ce qu'il en est de ce que l'on peut appeler le « mouvement écologiste » en Inde aujourd'hui, dénomination qui peut prêter à discussion. On constate aussi que les catégories proposées, sans recouper exactement les divisions proposées dans le cas des mouvements français, ne leur sont pas non plus totalement étrangères.

ABSTRACTNature‐based conflicts have increased in frequency and intensity in India. They revolve around competing claims over forests, land, water and fisheries, and have generated a new movement struggling for the rights of victims of ecological degradation. The environmental movement has added a new dimension to Indian democracy and civil society. It also posesan ideological challenge to the dominant notions of the meaning, content and patterns ofdevelopment.