Suchergebnisse

Data from several previous national surveys (1975-1986) of local officials from 1,000+ US municipalities are used to generate a rich set of data that illustrate the mechanics of the local interest group system. Privileged interest groups such as business have more influence than groups representing minorities, women, & the poor, but these differences are largely explained by the behavior of the groups themselves. In all cases, local governments are equally responsive to contacts from different groups seeking their aid. It is concluded that bias in the interest group system has been overstated; although groups representing minorities & the poor have difficulty obtaining influence, the opportunities & constraints they encounter are not essentially different from those of other groups. 5 Tables, 38 References. Adapted from the source document.

The changing geographic structure of black-white segregation in the US is examined at 4 geographic levels (state, county, city, & neighborhood), 1900-1990. Racial segregation at the state & county levels was determined through counts obtained from the decennial US Census Bureau dissimilarity & isolation indexes. City counts 1950-1970 were obtained from the City and County Data Book, & 1970-1990 from the Census Bureau. To assess trends at the neighborhood level, previously published work was consulted. A long-term trend away from macrolevel segregation & toward microlevel segregation was documented. From 1900 to 1970, segregation at the state & county levels decreased, while it increased on the neighborhood level &, after 1950, at the municipal level. It is concluded that segregation patterns in the twentieth century have consistently evolved to minimize white contact with blacks, although the geographical level at which the segregation has occurred has varied. 2 Tables, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

"An undergraduate textbook offering a comprehensive, up-to-date, and critical examination of the role that race plays in American politics. It shows students how to bring empirical analysis to bear on deeply divided topics and makes a sustained argument that racial considerations are central to understanding America's political system writ large"--

Low and uneven turnout is a serious problem for local democracy. Fortunately, one simple reform—shifting the timing of local elections so they are held on the same day as national contests—can substantially increase participation. Considerable research shows that on-cycle November elections generally double local voter turnout compared with stand-alone local contests. But does higher turnout mean a more representative electorate? On that critical question, the evidence is slim and mixed. We combine information on election timing with detailed microtargeting data that includes voter demographic information to examine how election timing influences voter composition in city elections. We find that moving to on-cycle elections in California leads to an electorate that is considerably more representative in terms of race, age, and partisanship—especially when these local elections coincide with a presidential election. Our results suggest that on-cycle elections can improve local democracy.

AbstractLaboratory studies frequently find that framing changes individual issue positions. But few real-world studies have demonstrated framing induced shifts in aggregate political opinions, let alone political identities. One explanation for these divergent findings is that the competitive nature of most real-world political debates presents multiple frames that cancel each other out. We assess this proposition and the extent of real-world framing by focusing on the issue of immigration, which has been framed in largely negative terms by the media. Specifically, we assess the connection betweenNew York Timescoverage of immigration and aggregate white partisanship over the last three decades. We find that negative framing on immigration is associated with shifts toward the Republican Party—the Party linked with anti-immigrant positions. This suggests that under the right circumstances, framing can alter core political predispositions and shape the partisan balance of power.

Critics argue that direct legislation (initiatives & referendums) allows an electoral majority to undermine the interests & rights of racial & ethnic minorities. We assess this claim by examining outcomes of direct democracy in California since 1978. Our analysis indicates that critics have overstated the detrimental effects of direct democracy. Confirming earlier critiques, we find that racial & ethnic minorities -- particularly Latinos -- lose regularly on a small number of racially targeted propositions. However, these racially targeted propositions represent less than 5% of all ballot propositions. When we consider outcomes across all propositions, we find that the majority of Latino, Asian American, & African American voters were on the winning side of the vote. This remains true if we confine our analysis to propositions on which racial & ethnic minorities vote cohesively or to propositions on issues that racial & ethnic minorities say they care most about. 6 Tables, 47 References. Adapted from the source document.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART ONE. The Trump paradox -- 1. How Do We Explain Trump's Paradoxical Yet Electorally Successful Use of a False US-Mexico Narrative? -- Chapter 2 What Were the Paradoxical Consequences of Militarizing the Border with Mexico? -- PART TWO. Mexico-US migration -- 3. How Did We Get to the Current Mexico-US Migration System, and How Might It Look in the Near Future? -- Chapter 4 Recession versus Removals: Which Finished Mexican Unauthorized Migration? -- Chapter 5 How Is the Health of the Mexican-Origin Population on Both Sides of the Border Affected by Policies and Attitudes in the United States? -- Chapter 6 What Shall Be the Future for the Children of Migration? -- Chapter 7 What Are the Policy Implications of Declining Unauthorized Immigration from Mexico? -- Chapter 8 How Does Mexican Migration Affect the US Labor Market? -- PART THREE. Trade integration -- Chapter 9 Before and after NAFTA -- Chapter 10 What Is the Relationship between US-Mexico Migration and Trade in Agriculture? -- Chapter 11 Is Complementarity Sustainable in the US-Mexico Automotive Sector? -- Chapter 12 What Policies Make Sense in a US-Mexico Trade Deal? -- Part Four Racial Politics -- Chapter 13 What Is the Historical and Political Context for Trump's Nativist Appeal? -- Chapter 14 How Has the New Mexico-US Relationship Affected Mexican Nationalism? -- Chapter 15 What Are the Social Consequences of Immigrant Scapegoating by Political Elites? -- Chapter 16 How Do Latinos Respond to Anti-Immigrant Politics? -- Chapter 17 Anti-Immigrant Backlash: Is There a Path Forward? -- Acronyms -- Notes -- Glossary of Key Terms -- References -- Contributors -- Index