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The European Commission published a new Communication on better regulation on 29 April 2021, with the aim of improving the European Union's (EU) policymaking process. By updating the better regulation agenda to mainstream sustainable development goals and the digital and green transition and by ensuring more foresight-based policymaking, this Communication shows that the Commission is moving in the right direction. Several proposals also have great potential to simplify the better regulation process and make it more transparent. By contrast, the envisaged simplification of the public consultation process may jeopardise its effectiveness and should be carefully reconsidered. In addition, a more cautious, stepwise approach to introducing, testing and adjusting the new EU one-in, one-out system is certainly needed. This article aims to identify and assess the key changes proposed by the new Communication and to share ideas for the preparation of the new Better Regulation Guidelines and Toolbox, which are expected to translate the Communication into practice.

The digital health ecosystem is rife with opportunities to improve healthcare through data-driven services in the European Union (EU). The value of health data, in the multiple forms in which they come (from health records to lifestyle data collected by smartphones or wearables), can truly emerge when they are allowed to flow in the ecosystem within a governance framework supported by all relevant stakeholders, with trust as the common and clear thread underpinning it. The coronavirus pandemic has provided an additional impetus for change, showing the importance of coordination and adequate communication between Member States and quality data to inform decision-making. Significant challenges remain, however, in order to achieve a fully integrated European digital health ecosystem, including: (1) the potentially diverging rules set by Member States at the national level and the need for an EU framework for the secondary use of health data; (2) the need for transparency and accountability for sustaining a data-sharing framework involving public authorities, research organisations, industry and citizens; and (3) the need for interoperable data and processes. Taking stock of these challenges, this article puts forward policy recommendations to enable the provision of pan-European data-driven healthcare services and to build a transparent and trustworthy framework for citizens.

Cranio-cerebral gunshots wounds (CCGW) are the most devastating injuries to the central nervous system, especially made by high velocity bullets, the most devastating, severe and usually fatal type of missile injury to the head.Objective: To investigate and compare, using a retrospective study on five cases the clinical outcomes of CCGW. Predictors of poor outcome were: older age, delayed mode of transportation, low admission CGS score with haemodynamic instability, CT visualization of diffuse brain damage, bihemispheric, multilobar injuries with lateral and midline sagittal planes trajectories made by penetrating high velocity bullets fired from a very close range, brain stem and ventricular injury with intraventricular and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage, mass effect and midline shift, evidence of herniation and/or hematomas, high ICP and/or hypotension, abnormal coagulation states on admission or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Less harmful effects were generated by retained missiles, bone fragments with CNS infection, DAI lesions and neuronal damages associated to cavitation, seizures.Material and methods: 5 patients (4 male and 1 female), age ranged 22-65 years, with CCGW, during the period 2004-2009, caused by military conflict and accidental firing. After initial resuscitation all patients were assessed on admission by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). After investigations: X-ray skull, brain CT, Angio-CT, cerebral MRI, SPECT; baseline investigations, neurological, haemodynamic and coagulability status all patients underwent surgical treatment following emergency intervention. The survival, mortality and functional outcome were evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score.Results: Referring on five cases we evaluate on a retrospective study the clinical outcome, imagistics, microscopic studies on neuronal and axonal damage generated by temporary cavitation along the cerebral bullet's track, therapeutics, as the review of the literature. Two patients with an admission CGS 9 and 10 survived and three patients with admission CGS score of 3, with severe ventricular, brain stem injuries and lateral plane of high velocity bullets trajectories died despite treatment.Conclusion: CCGW is the most devastating type of missile injury to the head. Aggressive intensive care management in combination with early management with less aggressive meticulous neurosurgical technique, has significantly reduced the mortality and morbidity associated with these injuries, but they still remain unacceptably high. Primary prevention of these injuries remains important, the patient must be monitored closely for possible complications.

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

State socialist experts were at the center of Eastern Europe's internationalization from the mid-1950s until 1989. They acted as intermediaries between their states and other national, regional, and international environments. The contributions integrate national milieus within broader frameworks mostly circumscribed by inter- and nongovernmental specialized organizations (the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; International Theater Institute, or the un Commission on Population and Development). The issue is an innovative initiative to identify within four fields (economy, demography, theatre, and historical studies) state socialist experts' contributions to international debates and institution building. We argue that these groups were fundamentally characterized by their transnational dynamism. The resultant forms of mobility and transfer resituate specific systems of knowledge production from Eastern Europe within the larger story of postwar globalization. The collection also includes an anthropological study about the internationalization trajectories of lower-ranked professionals and the resilience of their expertise ethics after 1989. Socialist experts' mobilities can be circumscribed at the intersection of multiple phenomena that defined the postwar: national settings' impact on inter- and supra-state interactions; Cold War politics; the tribulations of international organizations; and global trends determined by the accelerating interconnectedness of the world and decolonization. Our findings de-center established narratives about the Cold War and they show how representatives from the East participated in and sometimes determined the conditions of Europeanizing and globalizing trends in their respective fields within particular organizations.

Intro -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Part One POLITICS OF MEMORY AND CONSTRUCTING DEMOCRACY -- European Mass Killing and European Commemoration -- Why World War II Memories Remain So Troubled in Europe and East Asi -- Post-Authoritarian Memories in Europe and Latin America -- Divided Memory Revisited: The Nazi Past in West Germany and in Postwar Palestine -- On the Relationship Between Politics of Memory and the State's Attitude toward the Communist Past -- Part Two HISTORIES AND THEIR PUBLICS -- Democracy, Memory, and Moral Justice -- Promotion of a Usable Past: Official Efforts to Rewrite Russo-Soviet History, 2000-2014 -- Germany's Two Processes of "Coming to Terms with the Past" -Failures, After All? -- Part Three SEARCHING FOR CLOSURE IN DEMOCRATIZING SOCIETIES -- Twenty-Five Years "After" -- The Ambivalence of Settling Accounts with Communism: The Polish Case -- The Romanian Revolution in Court: What Narratives About 1989? -- Slobodan Milošević in the Hague: Failed Success of a Historical Trial -- The South African Transition: Then and Now -- Scholarship and Public Memory: The Presidential Commissionfor the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania(PCACDR) -- Moldova under the Soviet Communist Regime: History and Memory -- Part Four COMPETING NARRATIVES OF TROUBLED PASTS -- Coming to Terms with Catholic-Jewish Relations in the Polish Catholic Church -- After Communism: Identity and Morality in the Baltic Countries -- The Romanian Communist Past and the Entrapment of Polemics -- Past Intransient/Transiting Past: Remembering the Victims and the Representation of Communist Past in Bulgaria -- List of Contributors -- Index.

In this article we address the integration of functional models with non-functional models in the context of service-oriented enterprise architecture. Starting from the observation that current approaches to model-driven development have a strong focus on functionality, we argue the necessity of including non-functional aspects as early as possible in the service design process. We distinguish two modelling spaces, the design space and the analysis space, which can be integrated by means of model transformations. Quantitative results obtained in the analysis space, using special-purpose analysis techniques, can be related back to the design models by means of a reverse transformation. This provides a framework for incorporating non-functional analysis into methodological support for e-service development. While, for detailed design models, performance analysis is more or less covered by existing techniques, there is still a gap at the architectural overview level. Therefore, we propose an approach for performance analysis of layered, service-oriented architecture models, which consists of two phases: a ''top-down'' propagation of workload parameters, and a "bottom-up'' propagation of performance or cost measures. By means of an example, we demonstrate the application of the approach and show that a seamless integration with detailed performance analysis methods (e.g., queueing analysis) can be achieved.

Abstract
This article explores the role of interoperability in the development of digital public services in Europe, analyzing the effects of an European Union (EU)-level initiative (the European interoperability framework, EIF) and the development of e-Government services on how citizens interact online with public administrations. The EIF is a common EU framework providing guidance on public sector interoperability. EU countries are not mandated to follow the EIF, but they are encouraged to take up its guidance in their respective national interoperability frameworks (NIFs). Against this background, this article tests two hypotheses: (a) the introduction of NIFs facilitates the online interaction between citizens and public administrations and (b) better e-Government services encourage citizens to interact online with public administrations. Both hypotheses are confirmed by a panel data analysis covering 26 European countries over the period 2012–2019. The analysis relies on a dummy variable reflecting the adoption of NIFs, built by carefully examining official documents of the countries in the scope of the analysis. Based on the empirical results, this article puts forward two main policy recommendations. First, efforts to improve e-Government services across Europe should be intensified in order to support the overarching digital agenda of the EU and increase benefits for European citizens. Second, interoperability should become a central element when designing new digital public services. Therefore, the European Commission could foster a common approach to interoperability of digital public services across the EU by strengthening the governance of interoperability initiatives and encouraging the adoption of specific interoperability requirements.