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IN CHAPTER XVIII OF THE CONSIDERATIONS ON REPRESENTATIVE Government (1861) which discussed 'The Government of Dependencies by Free States' John Stuart Mill wrote that 'It is always under great difficulties and very imperfectly, that a country can be governed by foreigners; even where there is no extreme disparity, in habits and ideas, between the rulers and the ruled. Foreigners do not feel with the people. They cantlot judge, by the light in which a thing appears to their own minds, or the manner in which it affects their feelings, how it will affect the feelings or appear in the minds of the subject population.' This to Mill was a disadvantage; but reflection may lead us to conclude that there may be solid advantages in such a state of affairs; for we will remember that government, whether by foreigner or by native is exercise of power; and power, it is commonly and rightly said, sets up barriers, isolates, puts him who exercises it in a Merent world from him who is subject to it. Those who have power and those who do not have power are different species of men. It is therefore safer and more prudent for distances to be kept , and for the governed to approach their governors with cautious and mistrustful circumspection. An ancient Chinese sage declared it a mistake to compare the ruler to a father; for, he said, the ruler does not (or at any rate should not) feel affection towards his people. Again, the story is told of another wise Chinese, a ruler who, recovering from an illness, heard that his subjects had sacrificed an ox for his recovery.

An extract from a forthcoming book on NATIONALISM IN ASIA AND AFRICA, to be published by the New American Library, New York, NY. Nat'lism in modern Asian & African states is seen to display a "dialectic of fraternal & loving violence," such as the colonial gov's by foreigners could never have mustered. The Algerian rebellion produced the most eloquent panegyrist of this violence, "a writer who celebrates it with savage lyricism,"--Frantz Fanon. His essay, "Concerning Violence," in THE WRETCHED OF THE EARTH, London, England: 1965, preaches that decolonization is always & necessarily a violent phenomenon. Fanon's ideas on "stretching" Marxism-Leninism in applying it to colonial situations are discussed, & the notion by Sultan Galiyev, a Soviet official, that no white could be a true socialist, is mentioned. The violence propagated by these theorists is not regarded as beneficial. "Resentment & impatience, the depravity of the rich & the virtue of the poor, the guilt of Europe, & the innocence of Asia & Africa, salvation through violence, the coming reign of universal love: these are the elements of the thought of Sultan Gaiyev & Li Ta-chao, of Ikki Kita, Michel Aflaq, & Frantz Fanon. This theory is now the most popular & influential one in Asia & Africa." It has become opium for the masses, but it may lead to a "frenzy of destruction." M. Maxfield.