Suchergebnisse

L'accroissement rapide de la consommation de riz associé à l'urbanisation est un défi majeur pour les politiques alimentaires en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les stratégies de développement de la production rizicole se sont d'abord focalisées sur la promotion de techniques de production plus intensives, puis ont préconisé un ajustement par les prix dans le cadre des politiques de libéralisation. L'échec relatif de ces stratégies est en partie lié à une analyse sommaire de la position du riz dans les habitudes alimentaires des urbains, de la structure des marchés rizicoles et de la multiplicité des critères de choix utilisés par les consommateurs. Le riz est devenu un bien ordinaire consommé par toute les couches de la population urbaine. Le riz recouvre en réalité une large palette de types de produits différents, la distinction entre riz importé et riz local étant un axe de différenciation majeur. Les consommateurs optent pour un type de riz en fonction de systèmes de préférence particuliers, le prix n'étant qu'un des éléments de la prise de décision. Une reconquête du marché urbain par les filières rizicoles locales passe donc par la prise en compte de la gestion de la qualité pour permettre un meilleur ajustement de l'offre à la demande.

le document est disponible en ligne : http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-014-0339-3 ; International audience ; The Empowering Smallholder Farmers in Markets programme (ESFIM) supported the advocacy capacities of national farmer organisations (NFOs) for improving smallholder market access. The programme gave NFOs in 11 countries the opportunity to contract local experts to strengthen the evidence-base of their advocacy proposals. By means of a participative process, each NFO analysed the key advocacy issues for which research support was most needed. This resulted in a diversity of themes and advocacy processes. These ranged from research and advocacy on the role of cooperatives in Uruguayan innovation policies to a simulation game on market dynamics in a commodity exchange in the Philippines, and from the review of various seed multiplication programmes in Malawi to the legal and administrative hurdles preventing smallholders from selling to government procurement programmes in Peru and Bolivia. We describe the dynamics surrounding research partnerships in each of the 11 countries and reflect on results of this research-for-advocacy. We also assess the impact of the ESFIM programme on the advocacy capacity of the NFOs. We used a self-evaluation technique, in which board members considered a list of statements covering five capacities that are deemed necessary for effective advocacy. We compared their scores with the observations of external stakeholders who were active in the agricultural sector and knowledgeable about the NFOs' activities. We conclude that ESFIM has helped to increase coherence in advocacy priorities and has influenced decision making on key policy issues, with encouraging results. In most organisations, ESFIM contributed to the advocacy process, together with many other actors and factors defining advocacy. Based on these experiences, we suggest earmarking funds for NFO-led research support, in order to facilitate the participation of smallholders in the design and monitoring of ...

le document est disponible en ligne : http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-014-0339-3 ; International audience ; The Empowering Smallholder Farmers in Markets programme (ESFIM) supported the advocacy capacities of national farmer organisations (NFOs) for improving smallholder market access. The programme gave NFOs in 11 countries the opportunity to contract local experts to strengthen the evidence-base of their advocacy proposals. By means of a participative process, each NFO analysed the key advocacy issues for which research support was most needed. This resulted in a diversity of themes and advocacy processes. These ranged from research and advocacy on the role of cooperatives in Uruguayan innovation policies to a simulation game on market dynamics in a commodity exchange in the Philippines, and from the review of various seed multiplication programmes in Malawi to the legal and administrative hurdles preventing smallholders from selling to government procurement programmes in Peru and Bolivia. We describe the dynamics surrounding research partnerships in each of the 11 countries and reflect on results of this research-for-advocacy. We also assess the impact of the ESFIM programme on the advocacy capacity of the NFOs. We used a self-evaluation technique, in which board members considered a list of statements covering five capacities that are deemed necessary for effective advocacy. We compared their scores with the observations of external stakeholders who were active in the agricultural sector and knowledgeable about the NFOs' activities. We conclude that ESFIM has helped to increase coherence in advocacy priorities and has influenced decision making on key policy issues, with encouraging results. In most organisations, ESFIM contributed to the advocacy process, together with many other actors and factors defining advocacy. Based on these experiences, we suggest earmarking funds for NFO-led research support, in order to facilitate the participation of smallholders in the design and monitoring of development policies.

le document est disponible en ligne : http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-014-0339-3 ; International audience ; The Empowering Smallholder Farmers in Markets programme (ESFIM) supported the advocacy capacities of national farmer organisations (NFOs) for improving smallholder market access. The programme gave NFOs in 11 countries the opportunity to contract local experts to strengthen the evidence-base of their advocacy proposals. By means of a participative process, each NFO analysed the key advocacy issues for which research support was most needed. This resulted in a diversity of themes and advocacy processes. These ranged from research and advocacy on the role of cooperatives in Uruguayan innovation policies to a simulation game on market dynamics in a commodity exchange in the Philippines, and from the review of various seed multiplication programmes in Malawi to the legal and administrative hurdles preventing smallholders from selling to government procurement programmes in Peru and Bolivia. We describe the dynamics surrounding research partnerships in each of the 11 countries and reflect on results of this research-for-advocacy. We also assess the impact of the ESFIM programme on the advocacy capacity of the NFOs. We used a self-evaluation technique, in which board members considered a list of statements covering five capacities that are deemed necessary for effective advocacy. We compared their scores with the observations of external stakeholders who were active in the agricultural sector and knowledgeable about the NFOs' activities. We conclude that ESFIM has helped to increase coherence in advocacy priorities and has influenced decision making on key policy issues, with encouraging results. In most organisations, ESFIM contributed to the advocacy process, together with many other actors and factors defining advocacy. Based on these experiences, we suggest earmarking funds for NFO-led research support, in order to facilitate the participation of smallholders in the design and monitoring of development policies.

le document est disponible en ligne : http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-014-0339-3 ; International audience ; The Empowering Smallholder Farmers in Markets programme (ESFIM) supported the advocacy capacities of national farmer organisations (NFOs) for improving smallholder market access. The programme gave NFOs in 11 countries the opportunity to contract local experts to strengthen the evidence-base of their advocacy proposals. By means of a participative process, each NFO analysed the key advocacy issues for which research support was most needed. This resulted in a diversity of themes and advocacy processes. These ranged from research and advocacy on the role of cooperatives in Uruguayan innovation policies to a simulation game on market dynamics in a commodity exchange in the Philippines, and from the review of various seed multiplication programmes in Malawi to the legal and administrative hurdles preventing smallholders from selling to government procurement programmes in Peru and Bolivia. We describe the dynamics surrounding research partnerships in each of the 11 countries and reflect on results of this research-for-advocacy. We also assess the impact of the ESFIM programme on the advocacy capacity of the NFOs. We used a self-evaluation technique, in which board members considered a list of statements covering five capacities that are deemed necessary for effective advocacy. We compared their scores with the observations of external stakeholders who were active in the agricultural sector and knowledgeable about the NFOs' activities. We conclude that ESFIM has helped to increase coherence in advocacy priorities and has influenced decision making on key policy issues, with encouraging results. In most organisations, ESFIM contributed to the advocacy process, together with many other actors and factors defining advocacy. Based on these experiences, we suggest earmarking funds for NFO-led research support, in order to facilitate the participation of smallholders in the design and monitoring of development policies.

le document est disponible en ligne : http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-014-0339-3 ; International audience ; The Empowering Smallholder Farmers in Markets programme (ESFIM) supported the advocacy capacities of national farmer organisations (NFOs) for improving smallholder market access. The programme gave NFOs in 11 countries the opportunity to contract local experts to strengthen the evidence-base of their advocacy proposals. By means of a participative process, each NFO analysed the key advocacy issues for which research support was most needed. This resulted in a diversity of themes and advocacy processes. These ranged from research and advocacy on the role of cooperatives in Uruguayan innovation policies to a simulation game on market dynamics in a commodity exchange in the Philippines, and from the review of various seed multiplication programmes in Malawi to the legal and administrative hurdles preventing smallholders from selling to government procurement programmes in Peru and Bolivia. We describe the dynamics surrounding research partnerships in each of the 11 countries and reflect on results of this research-for-advocacy. We also assess the impact of the ESFIM programme on the advocacy capacity of the NFOs. We used a self-evaluation technique, in which board members considered a list of statements covering five capacities that are deemed necessary for effective advocacy. We compared their scores with the observations of external stakeholders who were active in the agricultural sector and knowledgeable about the NFOs' activities. We conclude that ESFIM has helped to increase coherence in advocacy priorities and has influenced decision making on key policy issues, with encouraging results. In most organisations, ESFIM contributed to the advocacy process, together with many other actors and factors defining advocacy. Based on these experiences, we suggest earmarking funds for NFO-led research support, in order to facilitate the participation of smallholders in the design and monitoring of development policies.

La durabilité des filières alimentaires est questionnée par les pouvoirs publics et les consommateurs, qui tendent à défendre des formes alternatives de production, respectueuses de l'environnement, économiquement et socialement acceptables. Ces formes sont toutefois confrontées à des freins techniques, économiques et institutionnels d'où un questionnement sur leur capacité à se développer et à se maintenir, et donc sur leur durabilité. A partir d'une étude systémique de deux filières alternatives, le petit épeautre de Haute Provence et le riz biologique de Camargue, nous nous sommes attachés à comprendre comment l'organisation des acteurs peut influer sur les trois piliers du développement durable. Nous exposons une manière de considérer le développement durable qui met en avant les relations entre les acteurs, à l'aide de l'outil de l'analyse de réseau, et des entretiens menés avec un échantillon de différents acteurs des filières. Nous montrons que la volonté de pérennisation de la filière influe sur le choix du type d'organisation au sein de la filière, qui peut être orienté pour plus ou moins favoriser la prise en compte des piliers du développement durable. Nos observations montrent l'importance de considérer les réseaux dans une vision systémique de la durabilité. Il reste toutefois difficile d'établir des relations de causalité entre d'une part le type d'organisation et d'autre part la durabilité.

Following the food price crisis in 2008, African governments implemented policies aiming at crowding in investment in rice value chain upgrading to help domestic rice compete with imports. We assess the state of rice value chain upgrading in West Africa by reviewing evidence on rice millers' investment in semi-industrial and industrial milling technologies, contract farming and vertical integration during the post-crisis period 2009–2019. We find that upgrading is more dynamic in countries with high rice production and import bills and limited comparative advantage in demand. However, scaling of upgrading faces several challenges in terms of vertical coordination, technology, finance and policies. Our assessment can help value chain actors and policy makers refine upgrading strategies and policies to increase food security in West Africa.

La flambée des prix internationaux des céréales en 2007-2008 et les mouvements sociaux concomitants dans les capitales du Sud ont remis sur le devant de la scène la question de la dépendance alimentaire et de l'interdépendance entre les marchés alimentaires domestiques des pays connaissant des déficits alimentaires récurrents, dont les pays de l'Afrique Sub-saharienne (ASS) en particulier, et le marché international des produits agricoles. C'est dans ce contexte qu'en 2008 la fondation avait demandé au CIRAD de conduire une étude intitulée " La transmission de la hausse des prix internationaux des produits agricoles dans les pays africains ". Les résultats de cette étude soulignaient la diversité des niveaux de transmission en fonction des produits considérés, du degré de substitution ou de complémentarité entre aliments propres aux régimes alimentaires, et en fonction du degré d'extraversion des systèmes alimentaires des pays retenus. La réalisation de cette étude " à chaud ", à partir de séries de prix qui s'arrêtaient par nécessité à la moitié de l'année 2008 constituait une difficulté méthodologique qui n'avait pas permis pas de trancher de façon plus définitive sur la nature des relations entre la dynamique des prix au niveau international et au niveau des marchés domestiques. Afin de renforcer la validité et la portée des résultats obtenus par cette première étude, la fondation FARM a demandé au CIRAD de reprendre l'analyse des processus de transmission des prix sur la base de séries de prix plus longues couvrant l'ensemble du processus depuis la hausse des prix jusqu'à la baisse relative enregistrée depuis la fin de l'année 2008. Cette mise à jour de l'étude de la transmission des prix sur des séries de prix plus longues permet en autres d'analyser avec plus de rigueur les interactions entre prix internationaux et prix domestiques à court terme sur les vingt-quatre derniers mois.

L'analyse des performances comparées de 11 filières agro-industrielles représentatives de l'agriculture syrienne montre que les cultures stratégiques du coton et du blé n'ont pas d'avantage comparatif alors que les productions d'huile d'olive, de tomate et d'orange, dont les exportations se développent, ont un avantage comparatif. L'ouverture croissante de l'économie syrienne à travers son adhésion à des accords de libre-échange régionaux et internationaux pourrait se traduire par une réduction des subventions directes et indirectes au bénéfice des filières coton et blé. Par conséquent, des actions doivent être entreprises pour minimiser les coûts sociaux de ces deux cultures et en particulier la mauvaise valorisation de l'eau. La réallocation des ressources domestiques vers des filières ayant un avantage comparatif offre des opportunités d'ajustement et d'atténuation des effets négatifs de l'ouverture économique sur les producteurs de coton et de blé. Les bénéfices que l'économie et l'agriculture syriennes peuvent tirer de cet avantage comparatif doivent être néanmoins maximisés et consolidés par la prise en compte de la qualité des produits exportés et par la prospection de nouveaux marchés.