Suchergebnisse

Background:An economic evaluation of Sun Safe Schools intervention designed to aid California elementary schools with implementing sun safety practices consistent with local board–approved policy.Design:Program cost analysis: intervention delivery and practice implementation.Setting:California elementary schools (58 interventions and 60 controls). Principals at 52 intervention and 53 control schools provided complete implementation data.Participants:Principals completing pre-/postintervention surveys assessing practice implementation.Intervention:Phone-based 45-minute session with a project coach on practice implementation, follow-up e-mails/phone contacts, $500 mini-grant. Schools chose from a list of 10 practices for implementation: ultraviolet monitoring, clothing, hats, and/or sunscreen recommendations, outdoor shade, class education, staff training and/or modeling, parent outreach, and resource allocation. The duration of intervention was 20 months. Rolling recruitment/intervention: February 2014 to December 2017.Measures:Intervention delivery and practice implementation costs. Correlations of school demographics and administrator beliefs with costs.Analysis:Intervention delivery activities micro-costed. Implemented practices assessed using costing template.Results:Intervention schools: 234 implemented practices, control schools: 157. Twenty-month delivery costs: $29 310; $16 653 (per school: $320) for project staff, mostly mini-grants and coaching time. Administrator costs: $12 657 (per school: $243). Per-student delivery costs: $1.01. Costs of implemented practices: $641 843 for intervention schools (per-school mean: $12 343, median: $6 969); $496 365 for controls (per-school mean: $9365, median: $3123). Delivery costs correlated with implemented practices (0.37, P < .01) and total practice costs (0.37, P < .05). Implemented practices correlated with principal beliefs about the importance of skin cancer prevention to student health (0.46, P < .001) and parents (0.45, P < .001).Conclusion:Coaching of elementary school personnel can stimulate sun safety practice implementation at a reasonable cost. Findings can assist schools in implementing appropriate sun safety practices.

Purpose:To evaluate an intervention promoting adoption of occupational sun protection policies by employers in a randomized trial.Design:A randomized pretest–posttest controlled design with 2-year follow-up was conducted in 2010 to 2013.Setting:Local government organizations in Colorado who had outdoor workers in public works, public safety, and/or parks and recreation.Participants:Ninety-eight local government organizations (n = 51 municipalities, 10 counties, and 37 special districts).Intervention:Organizations were randomly assigned to receive a policy and education intervention comprised of personal contacts and theory-based training and materials or to an attention control group.Measures:Occupational policy documents were coded for sun safety content by a trained research assistant blind to condition.Analysis:Policy scores were analyzed with logistic and Poisson regression models using imputation.Results:At posttest, more organizations in the intervention group had a sun protection policy than in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.91, P < .05; intent to treat: OR = 5.95, P < .05) and policies were more extensive (χ2= 31.29, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2=73.79, P < .01) and stronger (χ2= 24.50, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2= 51.95, P < .01). Policy adoption was higher when the number of contacts and trainings increased ( P < .05).Conclusion:The intervention had a large effect on adoption of formal sun protection policies, perhaps because of its fit with legal requirements to maintain safe workplaces. Personal contacts with managers were influential on adoption of occupational policy even in this age of communication technology and social media.

PURPOSE: To evaluate an intervention promoting adoption of occupational sun protection policy by employers in a randomized trial. DESIGN: A randomized pretest-posttest controlled design with two-year follow-up was conducted in 2010–13. SETTING: Local government organizations in Colorado who had outdoor workers in public works, public safety, and/or parks and recreation. SUBJECTS: 98 local government organizations (n=51 municipalities, 10 counties, and 37 special districts). INTERVENTION: Organizations were randomly assigned to receive a policy and education intervention comprised of personal contacts and theory-based training and materials or to an attention-control group. MEASURES: Occupational policy documents were coded for sun safety content by a trained research assistant blind to condition. ANALYSIS: Policy scores were analyzed with logistic and Poisson regression models using imputation. RESULTS: At posttest, more organizations in the intervention group had a sun protection policy than in the control group (OR=4.91, p<0.05; intent-to-treat: OR=5.95, p<0.05) and policies were more extensive (χ(2)=31.29, p<0.01; intent-to-treat: χ(2)=73.79, p<0.01) and stronger (χ(2)=24.50, p<0.01; intent-to-treat: χ(2)=51.95, p<0.01). Policy adoption was higher when number of contacts and trainings increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention had a large effect on adoption of formal sun protection policies, perhaps because of its fit with legal requirements to maintain safe workplaces. Personal contacts with managers were influential on adoption of occupational policy even in this age of communication technology and social media.