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Human infants engage in vocal communion with their mother and other prospective caregivers as soon as it becomes possible to do so. As the term is used here, 'communion' refers to a continuous state or feeling of connectedness owing to the existence of a communications link that is maintained largely by the vocalizations of infants and caregivers. It is proposed that certain types of vocalization that infants place in this channel encourage physical approach and caregiving. Several of the social behaviors that predict lexical learning, including joint attention and vocal imitation, are also, in theory, associated with maternal attachment. Since quality of attachment also predicts language development, research is needed to determine which behaviors are functionally related to language learning and which are only symptomatic of a relationship that is independently influential.

If evolutionary benefits associated with language were predominantly referential, as many theorists assume, then there must have been a preparatory stage in which an 'appetite' for information, not evident in the other primates, developed. To date, no such stage has been demonstrated. The problem dissipates, however, if it is assumed that language emerged from a function more nearly shared with other primates. An obvious candidate is displaying. Here I argue that performative functions associated with oral sound‐making provided initial pressures for vocal communication by promoting rank and relationships. These benefits, I suggest, facilitated conflict avoidance and resolution, collaboration, and reciprocal sharing of needed resources. By valuing the performative applications of language, which continue in modern humans, one can more easily derive speech from the social‐vocal behaviours of non‐human primates, providing greater continuity in accounts of linguistic evolution

Intro -- À propos de Collection XIX -- Titre -- PRÉFACE DU TRADUCTEUR -- I -- II -- III -- ÉDOUARD CLARKE, DE CHIPLEY -- SECTION I (3-30) - L'ÉDUCATION PHYSIQUE -- DE LA SANTÉ -- LE CHAUD ET LE FROID -- L'AIR -- LES VÊTEMENTS -- LA NOURRITURE -- LES REPAS -- LES BOISSONS -- LES FRUITS -- LE SOMMEIL -- LA CONSTIPATION -- DE LA MÉDECINE -- SECTION II (31-42) -- L'ESPRIT -- LES FANTAISIES DE L'ENFANT -- SECTION III (43-51) -- DES CHATIMENTS -- SECTION IV (52-63) -- DES RÉCOMPENSES -- LE SENTIMENT DE L'HONNEUR -- SECTION V (64-66) -- DES RÈGLES -- DES HABITUDES -- SECTION VI (67-69) -- DES MANIÈRES -- LA SOCIÉTÉ DES DOMESTIQUES -- SECTION VII (70-71) -- LES AVANTAGES DE L'ÉDUCATION DOMESTIQUE -- L'EXEMPLE -- SECTION VIII (72-87) -- LES RÉCOMPENSES ET LES CHATIMENTS -- DE LA CONTRAINTE -- DES RÉPRIMANDES -- L'OBSTINATION -- IL FAUT RAISONNER AVEC LES ENFANTS -- LES EXEMPLES -- L'USAGE DU FOUET -- SECTION IX (88-94) -- QUALITÉS NÉCESSAIRES D'UN GOUVERNEUR -- SECTION X (95-99) -- DE LA FAMILIARITÉ DES PARENTS AVEC LEURS ENFANTS -- DU RESPECT -- SECTION XI (100-102.) -- LES DIFFÉRENTS TEMPÉRAMENTS -- SECTION XII (103-110) -- DE LA VOLONTÉ CHEZ LES ENFANTS -- LES RÉCRÉATIONS -- SECTION XIII (111-114) -- DES CRIS ET DES PLEURS CHEZ LES ENFANTS -- SECTION XIV (115) -- DE LA PEUR ET DU COURAGE CHEZ LES ENFANTS -- LE COURAGE -- LA LACHETÉ -- SECTION XV (116-117) -- L'INSTINCT DE LA CRUAUTÉ CHEZ L'ENFANT -- SECTION XVI (118-122) -- LA CURIOSITÉ -- SECTION XVII (125-127) -- DE LA NONCHALANCE ET DE LA FLANERIE -- SECTION XVIII (128-129) -- FAUT-IL CONTRAINDRE LES ENFANTS ? -- SECTION XIX (130) -- DES JOUETS -- SECTION XX (151-133) -- DU MENSONGE CHEZ LES ENFANTS -- SECTION XXI (134-137) -- LA CROYANCE A DIEU ET LE PRINCIPE DE LA MORALE -- DES ESPRITS ET DES FANTOMES -- SECTION XXII (140) -- DE LA PRUDENCE OU SAGESSE -- SECTION XXIII (141-146)

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Editor's Introduction to Locke's Two Treatises of Government -- The Context of the Two Treatises -- Filmer and Patriarchal Divine Right -- The Exclusion Tracts -- The Relation between the First and Second Treatises -- The First Treatise -- Natural Rights in the Second Treatise -- Locke's Teaching on Property -- Constitutional Government -- Locke's Political Legacy -- Bibliography -- A Note on the Text and Acknowledgments -- Two Treatises of Government by John Locke -- Preface -- Contents of Books I and II -- The First Treatise -- Ch. I: The Introduction -- Ch. II: Of Paternal and Regal Power -- Ch. III: Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by Creation -- Ch. IV: Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by Donation, Gen. 1. 28 -- Ch. V: Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by the Subjection of Eve -- Ch. VI: Of Adam's Title to Sovereignty by Fatherhood -- Ch. VII: Of Fatherhood and Property, Considered Together as Fountains of Sovereignty -- Ch. VIII: Of the Conveyance of Adam's Sovereign Monarchical Power -- Ch. IX: Of Monarchy, by Inheritance from Adam -- Ch. X: Of the Heir to Adam's Monarchical Power -- Ch. XI: Who Heir? -- The Second Treatise -- Ch. I: The Introduction -- Ch. II: Of the State of Nature -- Ch. III: Of the State of War -- Ch. IV: Of Slavery -- Ch. V: Of Property -- Ch. VI: Of Paternal Power -- Ch. VII: Of Political or Civil Society -- Ch. VIII: Of the Beginning of Political Societies -- Ch. IX: Of the Ends of Political Society and Government -- Ch. X: Of the Forms of a Commonwealth -- Ch. XI: Of the Extent of the Legislative Power -- Ch. XII: Of the Legislative, Executive, and Federative Power of the Commonwealth -- Ch. XIII: Of the Subordination of the Powers of the Commonwealth -- Ch. XIV: Of Prerogative -- Ch. XV: Of Paternal, Political, and Despotical Power, Considered Together

A letter concerning toleration / Locke -- From the Second treatise (in Two treatises of government, 2nd edn, 1698) / Locke -- From An essay concerning human understanding (4th edn, 1700) / Locke -- The argument of the Letter concerning toleration, briefly considered and answered / Proast -- From A second letter concerning toleration (1690) / Locke -- From A third letter concerning toleration in defence of the Argument of the letter concerning toleration, briefly considered and answered (1691) / Proast -- From A third letter for toleration (1692) / Locke -- From A second letter to the author of the three Letters for toleration (1704) / Proast -- From A fourth letter for toleration (1704) / Locke

A Letter Concerning Toleration and Other Writings brings together the principal writings on religious toleration and freedom of expression by one of the greatest philosophers in the Anglophone tradition: John Locke. The son of Puritans, Locke (632-1704): became an Oxford academic, a physician, and; through the patronage of the Earl of Shaftesbury; secretary to the Council of Trade arid. Plantations and to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina. A colleague of Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton and a member of the English Royal Society, Locke lived and wrote at the dawn of the Enlightenment, a period during Which traditional mores, values, and customs were being questioned.

John Locke's Second Treatise of Government (c. 1681) is perhaps the key founding liberal text. A Letter Concerning Toleration, written in 1685 (a year when a Catholic monarch came to the throne of England and Louis XVI unleashed a reign of terror against Protestants in France), is a classic defense of religious freedom. Yet many of Locke's other writings-not least the Constitutions of Carolina, which he helped draft-are almost defiantly anti-liberal in outlook.