Suchergebnisse

One of the factors affecting to create responsibility is deceiving, this means that if onedeceives someone else or someone fooled. For example, in marriage husband or wife deceived other or in sale contract the buyer deceived seller and deceiving in this case created the responsibility and liability, this type of responsibility is the liability in legal terms is called pride guarantee that is kind of guarantee in law enforcement and civil liability remembered it.In the study, we are tried toexamine proud guarantee in Iran's rights and Shiite. According to classic principles of responsibility to guarantee that pride be justified on the basis of the theory of fault, which are according to this theory, in addition to fault, other elements such as the arrival of harm must be proven and even limiting reference rightofproud those losses realized is not incompatible with the theory of fault.

PurposeThis paper aims to use Bayesian network (BN) methodology complemented by machine learning (ML) and what-if analysis to investigate the impact of digital technologies (DT) on logistics service quality (LSQ), employing the service quality (SERVQUAL) framework.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 244 Italian firms, this study estimates the probability distributions associated with both DT and SERVQUAL logistics, as well as their interrelationships. Additionally, BN technique enables the application of ML techniques to uncover hidden relationships, as well as a series of what-if analyses to extract more knowledge.FindingsThe results show that the average probability of firms investing in DT for analytics (DTA) is higher than that of investing inDT for immersive experiences (DTIE). Furthermore, adopting both offers only a moderate likelihood of successfully implementing SERVQUAL logistics. Additionally, certain technologies may not directly influence some SERVQUAL dimensions. The application of ML reveals hidden relationships among technologies, enhancing the predictions of SERVQUAL logistics. Finally, what-if analyses provide further insights to guide decision-making processes aimed at enhancing SERVQUAL logistics dimensions through DTA and DTIE.Originality/valueThis research delves into the influence of DTIE and DTA on SERVQUAL logistics, thereby filling a gap in the existing literature in which no study has explored the intricate relationships between these technologies and SERVQUAL dimensions. Methodologically, we pioneer the integration of BN with ML techniques and what-if analysis, thus exploring innovative techniques to be used in logistics and supply-chain studies.

AbstractPublic emergencies are focal events that present possibilities for policy changes. This study aims to explain policy insights on policy change in Iran through analyzing how the Iranian government's policy toward the long‐awaited e‐authentication finally changed in the wake of the outbreak of COVID‐19. Due to the policy context of Iran, it uses the Multiple Stream Model, in which three streams were identified: problem, policy, and political dynamics. The paper contends that while the second stream existed prior to the pandemic, the first one had not yet been appropriately recognized by the government. Furthermore, it identifies the political stream as the third missing link for policy change. With the spread of coronavirus, these three streams converged, thus opening a window of opportunity for enacting this policy change. Two main reasons behind the emergence of this opening are identified: first, arising a new complex problem (COVID‐19) that necessitated new initiatives, and second, growing public anxiety about the pandemic. Iran's desperate circumstances, which included an already severely depressed economy as the result of sanctions, were further exacerbated through the socio‐economic repercussions of the pandemic. Furthermore, the growing demand from prospective traders to register for the stock exchange during the lockdown prompted officials to make a realistic decision. As a result, barriers to e‐authentication were overcome and policy change happened. The paper highlights the security perspective as a necessary condition for policy change in Iran. Finally, it discusses the likelihood of permanency of the change.

PurposeThe present study aims to explore the concepts involved in the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and customer and employee satisfaction in service industries.Design/methodology/approachThe research literature over the recent decade has been analyzed using a systematic review. Through thematic analysis and coding the findings of the final selected articles, the authors presented an integrative framework of the relationship between CSR and the satisfaction of critical stakeholders of service companies, namely, customers and employees.FindingsThe research framework encompasses six main categories called CSR, satisfaction, moderators, conditional variables, contextual variables and satisfaction outcomes. All categories but CSR are divided into customer and employee sections to make the research framework further comprehensible.Practical implicationsThe results show that in service industries, employees need as much attention as customers, and CSR efforts to satisfy customers and employees can lead to several positive outputs for companies.Social implicationsFailure of service companies to commit to their social responsibility may harm the environment, society's ethics and laws and long-term corporate profitability. On the other hand, adherence to CSR can lead to social development and economic growth.Originality/valueThis study is one of the most comprehensive studies in the field of CSR and satisfaction, which simultaneously considers the two key stakeholders of a service company. In addition, it provides valuable avenues for further studies.

Introduction:
A good relationship between physician and patient is effective in improving public health. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting proper patient–physician communication in health centers.


Methods:
To this end, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 2019. The interviews were performed purposefully, and 18 patients referred to health centers were interviewed with maximum variation. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using the approach of content analysis.


Results:
Data analysis revealed two main themes of human communication and health access. The theme of human communication consisted of four subthemes: physician's knowledge and experience, physician's behavior and ethics, comprehensive attention to the patient, and physician's discipline. Further, the theme of health access consisted of two subthemes: the physical condition of the center and the condition of the equipment.


Conclusion:
The identified components can be used to train medical students and evaluate the communication performance of doctors in health centers paying appropriate attention to these factors leading to patient satisfaction and, consequently, improving public health.

AbstractControl of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) requires the management of behavioral risk factors such as tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption and tobacco use are the main risk factors of NCDs and account for about 1% and 13% of total deaths in Iran, respectively. This study aimed to analyze policies regarding tobacco use and alcohol consumption and understand their content, context, process, and actors in Iran. We conducted a case study design guided by the Walt and Gilson Policy Analysis Framework. This study was conducted in two phases: A review of policy documents on tobacco and alcohol, and scoping review of studies related to the policies identified in the first phase. The contents of tobacco and alcohol control policies are mostly in line with international recommendations including, the MPOWER policy package for tobacco and recommended target areas proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) for alcohol. Political commitment to health promotion, social and religious values, joining international treaties, and the high prevalence of NCDs have been significant factors in the agenda‐setting of alcohol and tobacco policies in Iran. Although the health governance structure and the primary health care system have provided opportunities for implementation of policies, weak cross‐sectoral collaboration and the lack of some stakeholders' support, including the tobacco industry, pose challenges to the successful implementation of tobacco and alcohol policies. Thus, a multi‐sectoral approach is essential to control NCDs in Iran.

AIM: This study aimed to identify models for the participation of the city council and municipality with the health system in selected countries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive comparative study conducted in 2020 qualitatively. The countries studied were examined in terms of the following characteristics: type of political structure, type of health system, level of cooperation between local government and health system, municipal financing, type of financial participation of local government and health system, method or institution for participation Created, level of participation, local government influence on health system decisions, advantages and disadvantages of a partnership between local government and health system. Data were collected through valid databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Search engine) and website of the World Health Organization, local government, and the Ministry of Health of countries concerned and analyzed in a framework of analysis. RESULTS: Countries were divided into two groups in terms of a partnership between the health system and local governments, which had a distinct partnership between the health system and local government and without their participation. Factors that contribute to the creating and strengthening of partnerships include beliefs of health authorities and local government, the need for participation, transparency in participatory programs, designing a specific mechanism for participation, local authority, and financing joint participation plans. CONCLUSION: In countries with planned participation, citizens have better access to services. Citizens' participation, as well as the private sector, is greater in health issues. In these countries, participation in health financing by the private sector and other related agencies has increased. Planning and service delivery increases according to neighborhood needs. The variety of services provided and the use of new methods of service are more, and in these countries, the focus of the Ministry of ...