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At odds in 1987 were the philosophies of a United States grounded in political liberalism and a Soviet Union grounded in economic redistribution. While these principles may have defined these two nations' domestic policies and official international stances, Mazrui argues that the United States did little to propagate liberalism and the Soviet Union did little to encourage economic redistribution. Moreover, his critique seeks to reveal that each superpower's actions ultimately supported the other's philosophy. From this twist of intent and effect, Mazrui turns to the proclivity toward violence that the United States and the Soviet Union displayed in international affairs. Consequently, he calls into question the ethical justification of the means by which the superpowers repeatedly failed to accomplish their intended ends.

Three major motives are identified for cultural expansionism: God, gold, & glory. The role of these in human history is traced through a review of the historical influence of the Semites, especially the Jews, & the Europeans, especially the Anglo-Saxons. The hegemony of the Anglo-Saxons has now come under challenge from two cultural legacies: Islam & Marxism. A third movement, however, appears to offer a greater hope of overcoming state domination: the women's movement, which may confer equal leadership status on women. W. H. Stoddard

Contemporary Africa's Triple Heritage of indigenous, Islamic, and Western legacies is just the modern culmination of a much older Triple Heritage —the heritage of indigenous, Semitic, and Greco-Roman influences on Africa. The ancient Semitic strand has now narrowed and focused more firmly on Arab and Islamic influences; the ancient Greco-Roman strand has now expanded to encompass wider European and American intrusions.

Whether Israeli views of the Palestinians and South African views of Blacks lay the basis for an Israeli-South African alliance.

Im Rückblick auf die vergangenen 20 Jahre seit der Unabhägigkeit der meisten afrikanischen Staaten untersucht der Autor die dominierenden Parteisysteme in ihrem sozialen und politischen Kontext; insbesondere eingegangen wird dabei auf den Einparteienstaat, die Frage der Eliten und der Massenmobilisierung und auf die Rolle des Militärs.(DSE)

Mazrui claims that the international isolation which Israel now shares with South Africa is a consequence of parallel efforts to implement culturally separatist ideologies within each state. As evidence for his provocative thesis, he discusses the situational similarities between Israel and South Africa, the normative congruence between Israel and South Africa, and the trend toward greater economic and military cooperation between the two. An example of the similarities in approach lies in the strategies of ethnic preponderance pursued by both states. The dream of apartheid is to eventually create a "white" heartland by pursuing a "homelands" policy that would strip South African citizenship from those belonging to a Bantustan. Similarly, the logic of creating a Jewish state in Palestine has required that the great majority of citizens be Jewish. This has been achieved both through discriminatory immigration practices (Israel's Law of Return) and by brutal intimidation of the Arab Palestinian population. The author concludes his extensive discussion by noting that the exclusivist strategies historically and currently employed by the two states have led them into a natural alliance as outlaws in the international arena.