Suchergebnisse

non-peer-reviewed ; In sub-task 2.2 of the European Union research Programme "CRAHVI", the University of Limerick (ULIM) is to perform simulations of birdstrike against structures representative of the leading edge of a commuter aircraft. The skin of these structures is made from a metal/composite hybrid material (GLARE). The inputs to this task were as follows: • Pre-test report on birdstrike against GLARE (D2.2.4 [1]) • Experimental Strain and Load Results provided by CEAT • Video Sequences of Bird Strike Tests provided by CEAT • Experimental Test Report D5.3.2 [2] In this report the pre-test simulations [1] are compared with the tests carried out at CEAT [2]. From this comparison, attempts are made to improve the behaviour of the models with respect to the experiment. Additionally the model is extended to include details of the loading frame to allow more quantitative comparisons between test and simulation.

non-peer-reviewed ; In sub-task 2.2 of the European Union research Programme "CRAHVI", the University of Limerick (ULIM) is to perform simulations of birdstrike against structures representative of the leading edge of a commuter aircraft. The skin of these structures is made from a metal/composite hybrid material (Glare). The inputs to this task were test results on Glare under different strain rates from UOXF (D1.1.8) [1], a SPH Bird model created by ESI (D1.4.2) [2], and the geometry of the commuter leading edge structure (in the form of an MSC.Patran file) provided by ALA (D2.1.3) [3]. Some limited background data on Glare was also provided by ALA (D1.1.4) [4]. From these inputs, a mesh has been created and used for pre-test simulation of the birdstrike against the commuter leading edge. Preliminary material calibrations of Glare have also been developed based on the limited data available, with unavailable data provided by reasonable estimation.

In contrast to prevalent theories of terrorism, this study develops a contention-oriented approach where levels and forms of political violence against civilians depend upon: (1) the strategies of combatants; (2) the means of contention; (3) the locations of allies and opponents; (4) the collective identities of combatants; and (5) the dynamics of contention, including whether or not representatives of paramilitary organizations are included in formal peace processes. Quantitative analyses of a multi-source database of civilian deaths taking place in Northern Ireland between 1966 and 2006 offer preliminary support for this approach. The study underscores the insights provided by theories and methods used in the fields of social movements research and peace and conflict studies.

L.T.K. was supported by a Victorian Postdoctoral Research Fellowship delivered by veski on behalf of the Victorian Government.

Abstract
"Managers often extend brands to different quality levels. Adding lower priced variants is a particularly popular option for fighting the growing number of retailer brands. Such a move may increase sales, but it also risks diluting brand image.
This study examines such line extensions by testing middle-quality brands that offer higher or lower quality line extensions. According to the results, the adverse effects of brands' lower quality versions seem to be overestimated. Higher quality line extensions improved overall brand perception and evaluation far more than lower quality extensions damaged them. This asymmetry prevailed in multiple product classes and for various dimensions of brand evaluation such as brand attitude, brand expertise or brand innovation.
In general, consumers seem to prefer broader product lines. Even if lower quality extensions reduced brand prestige, there was hardly any effect in the overall evaluation. The negative quality association was tempered by increased perceived brand innovation and positive variety effects.
However, lower quality extensions are not harmless in every case. Managers are well advised to consider all branding options and to analyze possible effects, not only on the brand but also on the individual product.
"

In contrast to prevalent theories of terrorism, this study develops a contention-oriented approach where levels and forms of political violence against civilians depend upon: (1) the strategies of combatants; (2) the means of contention; (3) the locations of allies and opponents; (4) the collective identities of combatants; and (5) the dynamics of contention, including whether or not representatives of paramilitary organizations are included in formal peace processes. Quantitative analyses of a multi-source database of civilian deaths taking place in Northern Ireland between 1966 and 2006 offer preliminary support for this approach. The study underscores the insights provided by theories and methods used in the fields of social movements research and peace and conflict studies. Adapted from the source document.

Given the high symptom burden and low survivability of lung cancer, patients and their spouses have been found to experience poor mental health. The current study examined the roles of dyadic appraisal and dyadic coping on the mental health of 78 couples living with non-small cell lung cancer. Multilevel modeling revealed that spouses, on average, reported significantly worse mental health than patients. Dyadic appraisal and dyadic coping played important roles in predicting mental health, controlling for known developmental and contextual covariates. Dyadic appraisal of the patient's pain and fatigue was significantly associated with spouse mental health, albeit in opposite directions. Dyadic coping significantly predicted patient mental health. The study underlines the need to incorporate routine screening of both patient and spouse mental health, and highlights the complex role of appraisal within the couple in a life-threatening context. Viewing the couple as a unit, rather than separate individuals, raises important awareness about the role of disparate illness appraisals and coping strategies within the dyad on the health of both members. Nurses are particularly well situated to engage in a collaborative family-focused approach to the couple with cancer that promotes communication and health.

Objectives. Military members are required to complete the Post-Deployment Health Assessment on return from deployment and the Post-Deployment Health Reassessment (PHDRA) 90 to 180 days later, and we assessed the PDHRA's sensitivity and specificity in identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression after a military deployment among US Air Force personnel.