Suchergebnisse

Pakistan is commonly known as agriculture based economy where vast areas of cultivated lands are producing cotton. This enabled to establish and flourish textile industries in Pakistan, therefore Pakistan is vital part of cheap and quality based textile products exporting country. Recently Pakistan is granted European Union's Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) Plus status as a year from January 2014 by European Union because of that Pakistan's Textile exports surged to $14.22 billion in the fiscal year 2013-2014. This study main focus is on EU's GSP Plus for textile industry of Pakistan to explore the effects and impact on the international trade, export and economy of Pakistan. The various issues and problems pertaining to the policy, strategy, trade, export and taxes are analyzed and discussed to come up with suggestions. Pakistan Textile sector made $14.22 billion (2013-2014 Jul-Jun) compared to export value of the previous fiscal year, reaching from $13.69 billion in the previous year (July 2012, June 2013). The country's textile exports have been shown in growth of 3.81% in fiscal year (2013 2014 Jul-Jun) as compared to fiscal year of (2012-2013 Jul-Jun). The key motive behind the growth of textile exports is the national GSP plus successful from Jan 2014 because of textile export to the EU which is increased by 18% to reach $ 5 billion figure for the first time in Pakistan history because of the GSP plus status granted by the European Union, and textile exports to the left of the globe fell by 3.5%. Seeing this textile export Pakistan government is ready for a 5-year program to grant subsidies for the textile sector. Under the latest planned textile strategy (2014-19), textile industry will be rewarded. Followed by the strategy, textile exports will increase over the next five years, $ 26 billion, in addition to the creation of employment opportunities.Keywords: European Union's GSP Plus, Textile Export, Fiscal Year, Textile Industry of Pakistan.JEL Classifications: C01, F13, F41, H12, L67, Q41

Pakistan is commonly known as agriculture based economy where vast areas of cultivated lands are producing cotton. This enabled to establish and flourish textile industries in Pakistan, therefore Pakistan is vital part of cheap and quality based textile products exporting country. Recently Pakistan is granted European Union's Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) Plus status as a year from January 2014 by European Union because of that Pakistan's Textile exports surged to $14.22 billion in the fiscal year 2013-2014. This study main focus is on EU's GSP Plus for textile industry of Pakistan to explore the effects and impact on the international trade, export and economy of Pakistan. The various issues and problems pertaining to the policy, strategy, trade, export and taxes are analyzed and discussed to come up with suggestions. Pakistan Textile sector made $14.22 billion (2013-2014 Jul-Jun) compared to export value of the previous fiscal year, reaching from $13.69 billion in the previous year (July 2012, June 2013). The country's textile exports have been shown in growth of 3.81% in fiscal year (2013 2014 Jul-Jun) as compared to fiscal year of (2012-2013 Jul-Jun). The key motive behind the growth of textile exports is the national GSP plus successful from Jan 2014 because of textile export to the EU which is increased by 18% to reach $ 5 billion figure for the first time in Pakistan history because of the GSP plus status granted by the European Union, and textile exports to the left of the globe fell by 3.5%. Seeing this textile export Pakistan government is ready for a 5-year program to grant subsidies for the textile sector. Under the latest planned textile strategy (2014-19), textile industry will be rewarded. Followed by the strategy, textile exports will increase over the next five years, $ 26 billion, in addition to the creation of employment opportunities.

Purpose The core aim of this research is to explore those ways through which employees at Zarai Tarqiati Bank Limited Pakistan (ZTBL) are being paid financially or non-financially for the work they perform or are asked to perform in tough routine. Therefore, those factors are under consideration which put immense influence over employees' behavior & attitude besides the level of satisfaction of the workers. In order to go ahead in line of the purpose of this study, a number of recommendations are to be given to the management of Zarai Tarqiati Bank Limited Pakistan (ZTBL) so that the employees under different cadres and scales get satisfied with the practices and policies relating to the compensation rigorously followed by the bank under different circumstances which can prove to be a milestone in achieving success not only for the employees at the bank but also for the bank itself in the present arena of stiff competition in the banking industry of Pakistan.MethodologyFor the sake of achieving results survey methodology is carried out and a questionnaire as an instrument has been used. The questionnaire form is an opted one and taken from Malik's work, 2005 on compensation policies and practices being followed in foreign bank here in Pakistan. However, in order to have clear picture as what employees deliberate so as far compensation practices are concerned; percentage analysis technique has been used to have the clear understanding as what the respondents say about a particular phenomenon.FindingsThe results suggest that pay incentives in different forms are very meager in amount and so is the case with benefits given to the employees. Mixed results have been extracted as those who points out that employee earnings largely depends on organizational performance and those who don't think so. Seniority has been observed as powerful criteria upon which employees get handsome compensation package & this is what employees aspire for as well. However, most of the employees highlighted that they need to be paid for the better performance they show up against their work assigned. Results also show that most of the employees think that ZTBL pay practices are well designed to have top performer at work along with the phenomenon that pay practices are smart enough to bring effectiveness even for the bank itself while at the same time most of them think this is not happening at all.RecommendationsIt is suggested to the bank policy makers that individual performance has to be taken into consideration and be rewarded accordingly. For better results for the bank; seniority should not be focused altogether but pay for performance is duly prescribed. The bank has to reshape its existing benefits package along with those non-financial aspects to be used as part of total compensation package. Pay practices need to be tailored in line of employees needs and lastly the alignment has to be there between organizational philosophy/objective & compensation strategy out there in ZTBL, Pakistan.

"The State shall endeavour to preserve and strengthen fraternal relations among Muslim countries based on Islamic unity, support the common interests, of the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America, promote international peace and security, foster goodwill and friendly relations among all nations and encourage the settlement of international disputes by peaceful means." (Lib Times/DÜI)

To eliminate the subsidy on the canal irrigation system, the
Government of Pakistan has decided to reform the management, intending
to make it more efficient, equitable, transparent, and able to take care
of the sustainability of the world's largest contiguous irrigation
network. The water users are being entrusted with greater role in the
management through the formation of Farmers' Organisations (FOs) to
operate and maintain secondary canals and pay for full cost of water
delivery. Ultimate payer will be the farmer. The economic viability of
the reforms, therefore, much depends on farmers' ability and willingness
to pay for the cost of irrigation water delivery, which is expected to
rise. This paper estimates financial liabilities of the farmers in the
post-reform scenario, and assesses their capacity and willingness to pay
for liabilities in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh. One distributary
in each of the two provinces is studied as the reference distributary,
where FOs have already been formed. The cost of desired level of
operation and maintenance levels are worked out using secondary data for
1997-98. With these costs, the water users in the Punjab and Sindh
provinces need to pay Rs 333 and Rs 373 per ha for their water service,
respectively. The estimated O&M costs form about 5.4 and 3 percent
of production costs and 3.8 and 3.5 percent of the net income in the
Punjab and Sindh provinces respectively. The farmers' net income from
crop enterprise is higher than the cost of water. Thus, an average
farmer has the potential to pay for water. Recent experience of Hakra
4-R Distributary FO suggests that the farmers are also willing to pay
for water service, if they are organised properly.

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Marketing management is an important topic for those projects
that depend on maximizing the sale of their output, especially in the
industrial and agricultural sectors of the developing countries. This,
however, does not mean that marketing management is only applicable to
the directly productive/extractive sectors of the economy. Increasingly,
with the passage of time, the service sector in both the developed and
the developing countries has also expanded dramatically (pakistan's
fastest growing sector is the service sector). Here, also, marketing
management can play an important role. Five discrete steps can be
singled out when a project is to be established; namely, identification,
preparation, appraisal, implementation, and evaluation. This whole
process is called the 'project cycle', and all projects, irrespective of
the sector of the economy in which they are being established, have to
follow in a sequential order the different stages outlined at the
beginning of this paragraph. At the same time, it should be pointed out
that, in the present-day world, project preparation and appraisal, in
particular, have become very interdisciplinary in nature. Thus, it would
be no surprise to have economists, anthropologists, demographers,
marketing specialists, and engineers all working together in the design
and implementation of projects. Further, it need not be over-emphasized
that proper project identification and execution helps to propel the
growth rate upwards, raising the living standards and improving the
general economic well-being, which are the stuff of
development.

Abstract
We use data from Pakistan to establish a reciprocal exchange relationship between the judiciary and the government. We document large transfers in the form of expensive real estate from the government to the judiciary, and reciprocation in the form of pro-government rulings from the judiciary to the government. Our estimates indicate that the allocation of houses to judges increases pro-government rulings and reduces decisions on case merits. The allocation also incurs a cumulative cost of 0.03% of GDP to the government. However, it allows the government to expropriate additional land worth 0.2% of GDP in one year.