Suchergebnisse

Review of the book "Grass roots commitment: basketball and society in Trinidad and Tobago" by Jay R. Mandel and Joan D. Mandel. The authors use the paradigms of dependency, cultural pluralism and clientelism as points of reference to evaluate their observations of basketball in Trinidad and Tobago. M. Allen believes that these paradigms are useful for forming initial questions and in collecting information, but are not dynamic and flexible enough to account for changes in the social relations over time

The power of economic elites, as measured by studies of interlocking corporate directorates, is one of the major issues in social science. Interlocks are identified for the 200 largest nonfinancial & the 50 largest financial corporations in both 1935 & 1970, using direct factor analysis as a means of clique identification. Rotation identifies 10 principal interlock groups for 1935 & 10 principal interlock groups for 1970. The 1970 interlock groups include smaller numbers of corporations & are less cohesive than in 1935, & financial & investment ties have become less important within groups. These results do not entirely conform or contradict any of the major theories of economic elites. 2 Tables. W. H. Stoddard

International relations scholars have previously argued that states facing budget constraints will join alliances to free resources for domestic spending. In this paper, we focus on the primary mechanism by which leaders have relaxed this constraint: sovereign borrowing. Sovereign debt enables states to maintain stable tax rates while increasing expenditures to confront budgetary emergencies. Affordable access to credit, then, serves as both a source of power and an important buffer between security and the political consequences of fiscal policy. States that lack the confidence of investors must make tough choices between continued security and their electoral fortunes. We suggest that as governments lack access to affordable credit, they will substitute military capacity with alliance formation. Alliances provide a means for leaders to offset the loss of flexibility from diminished access to credit without disturbing the domestic political economy. Using previous models of alliance formation as a guide, our empirical evidence indicates that states that have a hard time borrowing are more likely to form an alliance than those states with affordable access to credit markets. Adapted from the source document.