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It may well be that the most costly and challenging consequence of climate change will be an increase in violent conflict and all the humanitarian trauma this brings with it.

Unless the world's existing powers are prepared to descend into the sort of resource-driven geopolitical competition that resulted in World War I … they must make room at the table for an energy-hungry China.

The US stands before a choice of increasing oil use or advancement of renewable energy, & though the Bush-Cheney plan pays lip service to environmental protection & increased energy efficiency, it recommends exhaustion of domestic sources & at its core, securing American access to foreign imports by strengthening global alliances above all in the Middle East, the Caspian Sea, West Africa, & South America. The US will not rely solely on market forces, increasingly blending foreign, economic, & security policies, having military implications even as an element of last resort. Increased production, regional stability, diversification, export, & increased participation of American firms in energy projects have been pursued on various fronts, but are not without logistic, political, & legal difficulties. The fight against terror & efforts to secure oil supplies cannot be clearly separated, but military intervention in support of national interests runs the risk of increasing the threat of further force & disruption of supply. Had the Bush administration decided differently, the US would today be less dependent on foreign oil & the risk of repeated involvement in bloody oil wars would be much smaller. Figures. L. Reed

The Carter doctrine was first enunciated in the then-President Jimmy Carter's "state of the union" address of 23 January 1980, in which he informed congress and the American people that access to the Persian Gulf's oilfields was essential to the health of the US economy. The author discusses how this doctrine continues to influence American foreign policy, including the US's decision to invade Iraq in 2003. Adapted from the source document.

With the global flow of energy assuming ever-growing economic and strategic prominence, oil and gas pipelines in the world today have become the major focus of international geopolitical competition.