Suchergebnisse

The analysis of the causes that explain the increasing levels of socioeconomic inequality in a country is crucial for the design and implementation of public policies and institutional arrangements capable to promote virtuous cycles between economic growth, social equality and democracy. This article provides an analysis of the different dimensions of socioeconomic inequality in Costa Rica for the last 15 years ; El estudio y análisis de los factores que explican los crecientes niveles de desigualdad socioeconómica de un país son indispensables para el diseño e implementación de políticas y arreglos institucionales capaces de promover círculos virtuosos entre el crecimiento económico, la equidad social y la gobernabilidad democrática. En este artículo se analizan las distintas dimensiones de la desigualdad socioeconómica en Costa Rica y su comportamiento en los últimos 15 años.

Comunicació presentada a: 1st ACM SIGCHI International Workshop on Multimodal Interaction for Education, que va tenir lloc el 13 de novembre de 2017 a Glasgow, UK. ; Though musicians tend to agree on the importance of practicing expressivity in performance, not many tools and techniques are available for the task. A machine learning model is proposed for predicting bowing velocity during performances of violin pieces. Our aim is to provide feedback to violin students in a technology–enhanced learning setting. Predictions are generated for musical phrases in a score by matching them to melodically and rhythmically similar phrases in performances by experts and adapting the bow velocity curve measured in the experts' performance. Results show that mean error in velocity predictions and bowing direction classification accuracy outperform our baseline when reference phrases similar to the predicted ones are available. ; This work has been partly sponsored by the Spanish TIN project TIMUL (TIN 2013-48152-C2-2-R), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688269 (TELMI project), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502).

Automatic assessment of music performance is an open research area widely studied in the past. A vast amount of systems aiming to enhance the learning process of a musical instrument are being developed in the recent years. However, most of the systems focus on the assessment of pitch and onset accuracy, and very few pay attention to tone quality. This is particularly true in violin music education, where although a consensus exist on what is a good or a bad tone quality, there is not a formal definition due to its subjectivity. We present a machine learning approach for the automatic assessment of violin tone quality. We depart from our previous work on the preliminary modelling of several dimensions involving tone quality. Based on recorded examples of tones with different qualities defined and recorded by a professional violinist, we applied machine learning techniques to learn computational models able to evaluate tone quality from extracted audio features. The tone quality models were implemented into a real-time-visual-feedback system. ; This work has been partly sponsored by the Spanish TIN project TIMUL (TIN2013-48152-C2-2-R), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688269 (TELMI project), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502).

Comunicació presentada a: 10th International Workshop on Machine Learning and Music (MML), celebrat a Barcelona (Espanya), el 6 d'octubre de 2017. ; The assessment of the sound properties of a performed mu- sical note has been widely studied in the past. Although a consensus exist on what is a good or a bad musical performance, there is not a formal de nition of performance tone quality due to its subjectivity. In this study we present a computational approach for the automatic assess- ment of violin sound production. We investigate the correlations among extracted features from audio performances and the perceptual quality of violin sounds rated by listeners using machine learning techniques. The obtained models are used for implementing a real-time feedback learning system. ; This work has been partly sponsored by the Spanish TIN project TIMUL (TIN2013-48152-C2-2-R), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and inno- vation programme under grant agreement No. 688269 (TELMI project), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502).

Comunicació presentada a: 10th International Workshop on Machine Learning and Music (MML), celebrat a Barcelona (Espanya), el 6 d'octubre de 2017. ; A model is proposed for predicting expressive variations in dynamics for violin performances with the purpose of facilitating expressive performance learning by students. The model uses phrases rather than single notes as units of analysis in a lazy learning approach: each phrase in a new score is matched to phrases from expressive performances by experts, adapting the experts' transformations to render an expressive performance of the new score. In preliminary tests, the model approximates the dynamics of actual performances better than an unexpressive baseline model whenever the reference dataset contains melodies similar to those being predicted. ; This work has been partly sponsored by the Spanish TIN project TIMUL (TIN 2013-48152-C2-2-R), the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 688269 (TELMI project), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme (MDM-2015-0502).

Tackling the big, systemic challenges confronting many organizational business leaders will increasingly require strategizing across organizational boundaries, but doing so is more complex than making strategy within a single organization. The authors developed a new approach to collaborative strategy in working with a global public health organization. Lessons learned can help leaders in individual organizations work with others to achieve both shared and individual strategic priorities.

Loudness variation is one of the foremost tools for expressivity in music performance. Loudness is frequently notated as dynamic markings such as p (piano, meaning soft) or f (forte, meaning loud). While dynamic markings in music scores are important indicators of how music pieces should be interpreted, their meaning is less straightforward than it may seem, and depends highly on the context in which they appear. In this article, we investigate the relationship between dynamic markings in the score and performed loudness by applying machine learning techniques – decision trees, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and a k-nearest neighbor method – to the prediction of loudness levels corresponding to dynamic markings, and to the classification of dynamic markings given loudness values. The methods are applied to 44 recordings of performances of Chopin's Mazurkas, each by 8 pianists. The results show that loudness values and markings can be predicted relatively well when trained across recordings of the same piece, but fail dismally when trained across the pianist's recordings of other pieces, demonstrating that score features may trump individual style when modeling loudness choices. Evidence suggests that all the features chosen for the task are relevant, and analysis of the results reveals the forms (such as the return of the theme) and structures (such as dynamic-marking repetitions) that influence the predictability of loudness and markings. Modeling of loudness trends in expressive performance appears to be a delicate matter, and sometimes loudness expression can be a matter of the performer's idiosyncracy. ; This work was supported in part by a UK EPSRC Platform Grant for Digital Music [EP/K009559/1]; the Spanish TIN project TIMUL [TIN2013-48152-C2-2-R]; and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [grant agreement No. 688269].

OBJETIVO. Este artículo tiene como principal objetivo, analizar la situación actual y las previsiones futuras que puede tener la falta de privacidad en la nube o cloud computing. El borrado de los datos personales que indexa el buscador Google, retirar una foto de Facebook, eliminar un link de una noticia desafortunada o borrar el pasado puede ser una tarea que se nos antoje imposible. Aquellas personas afectadas por situaciones así, reclaman la aplicación del "derecho al olvido" basado en motivaciones plausibles. MÉTODO. Este estudio ha contrastado las opiniones de afectados, abogados y expertos en reputación online y comunicación de marca personal. RESULTADOS. Los resultados demuestran la desprotección legal y la responsabilidad de los buscadores en la vulneración ética y, en algunos casos, legal de estos derechos. CONCLUSIONES. La privacidad va camino de convertirse en el principal quebradero de cabeza para los buscadores. Esta conclusión, no sólo proviene de las polémicas suscitadas, sino por las numerosas denuncias que señalan ahora a la herramienta y no sólo al origen de la información. Normalmente, la herramienta es el buscador, que pone al alcance general datos que los interesados preferirían suprimir o que permanezcan en el olvido. ; OBJECTIVE. This article has as main objective to analyze the current situation and the future previsions that can have the lack of privacy in the cloud or cloud computing. Deleting personal data that indexes the Google binder, such as removing a photo from Facebook, deleting a link from an unfortunate news or erasing the past on the network can be a task that we feel impossible. Those who pursue objectives as diverse as those mentioned unanimously invoke the "right to forget" based on plausible motivations. METHOD. This study has contrasted the views of stakeholders, lawyers and experts in online reputation and personal brand communication, to reach a series of conclusions of great utility for experts, managers and users in general. RESULTS. The results show the lack of legal protection and the responsibility of the search engines in the ethical and, in some cases, legal violation of these rights. CONCLUSIONS. Privacy is going to become the main dilemma for search engines. This conclusion comes from the controversies and the numerous denunciations that point to both the origin of the information and the tool. Normally, the tool is the search engine, which provides general access to data that interested parties would prefer to delete or forget. ; peerReviewed

Objetivo. Este artículo tiene como principal objetivo, analizar la situación actual y las previsiones futuras que puede tener la falta de privacidad en la nube o cloud computing. El borrado de los datos personales que indexa el buscador Google, retirar una foto de Facebook, eliminar un link de una noticia desafortunada o borrar el pasado puede ser una tarea que se nos antoje imposible. Aquellas personas afectadas por situaciones así, reclaman la aplicación del "derecho al olvido" basado en motivaciones plausibles.Método. Este estudio ha contrastado las opiniones de afectados, abogados y expertos en reputación online y comunicación de marca personal.Resultados. Los resultados demuestran la desproteción legal y la responsabilidad de los buscadores en la vulneración ética y, en algunos casos, legal de estos derechos.Conclusiones. La privacidad va camino de convertirse en el principal quebradero de cabeza para los buscadores. Esta conclusión, no sólo proviene de las polémicas suscitadas, sino por las numerosas denuncias que señalan ahora a la herramienta y no sólo al origen de la información. Normalmente, la herramienta es el buscador, que pone al alcance general datos que los interesados preferirían suprimir o que permanezcan en el olvido. ; Objective. This article has as main objective to analyze the current situation and the future previsions that can have the lack of privacy in the cloud or cloud computing. Deleting personal data that indexes the Google binder, such as removing a photo from Facebook, deleting a link from an unfortunate news or erasing the past on the network can be a task that we feel impossible. Those who pursue objectives as diverse as those mentioned unanimously invoke the "right to forget" based on plausible motivations.Method. This study has contrasted the views of stakeholders, lawyers and experts in online reputation and personal brand communication, to reach a series of conclusions of great utility for experts, managers and users in general.Results. The results show the lack of legal protection and the responsibility of the search engines in the ethical and, in some cases, legal violation of these rights.Conclusions. Privacy is going to become the main dilemma for search engines. This conclusion comes from the controversies and the numerous denunciations that point to both the origin of the information and the tool. Normally, the tool is the search engine, which provides general access to data that interested parties would prefer to delete or forget. ; Objetivo. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo, analisar a situação atual e as previsões futuras que pode ter a falta de privacidade na nuvem ou cloud computing. O apagado dos dados pessoais que indexa o buscador Google, retirar uma foto de Facebook, eliminar um link de uma notícia desafortunada ou apagar o passado pode ser uma tarefa impossível. Aquelas pessoas afetadas por situações assim, reclamam a aplicação do "direito ao esquecimento" baseado em motivações plausibles.Método. Este estudo tem contrastado as opiniões de afetados, advogados e experientes em reputação online e comunicação de marca pessoal.Resultados. Os resultados demonstram a desproteción legal e a responsabilidade dos buscadores na vulneración ética e, em alguns casos, legal destes direitos.Conclusões. A privacidade vai caminho de converter-se no principal quebradero de cabeça para os buscadores. Esta conclusão, não só prove das polêmicas suscitadas, senão pelas numerosas denúncias que assinalam agora à ferramenta e não só à origem da informação. Normalmente, a ferramenta é o buscador, que põe ao alcance geral dados que os interessados prefeririam suprimir ou que permaneçam no esquecimento.

En el contexto de la Educación Superior y de los estudios del ámbito económico y empresarial, la competencia digital se refiere a la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación como herramientas para la expresión, la comunicación, para el acceso a fuentes de información, como medio de archivo de datos y documentos, para tareas de presentación, difusión y gestión de la información, para el aprendizaje, la investigación y el trabajo cooperativo. En este artículo se ponen de relieve las dificultades detectadas entre los docentes universitarios del ámbito de la economía y de la empresa para capacitar en esta competencia, denominada en el marco de las titulaciones: "Uso de las TIC en el ámbito profesional". Se ha estudiado la percepción y el compromiso con esta competencia de 84 docentes de la Universidad de Extremadura (España). Mediante un análisis descriptivo, con el aporte de indicadores sintéticos, se han obtenido indicios sobre el nivel de implicación del profesorado en aspectos como la tipología de recursos pedagógicos que se han empleado en la enseñanza de esta competencia, las estrategias para mejorar los contenidos y su aplicabilidad a la realidad actual y su relación con otras competencias similares. Los datos obtenidos y analizados permiten ofrecer un diagnóstico sobre la enseñanza de la competencia indicada en una muestra de profesores universitarios y fundamentar una propuesta de matriz de evaluación de la competencia "Uso de las TIC", en las titulaciones relacionadas con los estudios empresariales, por niveles de dominio e indicadores de consecución de esta competencia. © Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.

En este artículo se discute la participación masculina en la fuerza laboral de Puerto Rico para el año 2000 y la escolaridad de los hombres incorporados a la misma, por las respectivas ocupaciones y los grupos ocupacionales principales. Se realizó un análisis cruzado entre 650 ocupaciones y diez categorías de escolaridad. Además se identificaron aquellas ocupadas por los hombres que no tenían escolaridad. Entre los hallazgos sobresalen los siguientes: la fuerza laboral masculina estaba compuesta por 859,092 individuos, de los cuales 14,353 hombres en la fuerza laboral no poseían escolaridad; el 73.89 por ciento de dicha la fuerza laboral no poseía estudios post-secundarios; y que solamente 2.96 por ciento ostentaba el grado de primer nivel profesional o doctorado.

Aim: to suggest indicators and procedures that assist in the evaluation and prediction of the behavior of COVID-19 pandemic, using basic mathematical knowledge. Methods and techniques: search for information about the behavior of the pandemic in different scenarios, and the application of mathematical and statistical methods. Main results: indicators and procedures that contribute to the evaluation of the situation caused by COVID-19, and the prediction of possible spikes of infected cases and deaths, to help in decision-making. Conclusions: the indicators and procedures suggested contribute to the evaluation of the behavior of COVID-19 pandemic, and short and mid-term prediction of its behavior for decision-making by sanitary and government authorities. Key words: COVID-19; health indicator; increase of daily infected cases; average increase; new lethality. ; Objetivo: proponer indicadores y procedimientos para evaluar y predecir el comportamiento de la pandemia covid-19. Métodos y técnicas: búsqueda de información sobre el comportamiento de la pandemia en diferentes escenarios y aplicación de métodos matemáticos y estadísticos. Principales resultados: indicadores y procedimientos que contribuyen a evaluar la situación de la pandemia covid-19 y hacer pronósticos en relación con el incremento de los contagios y defunciones para la toma de decisiones. Conclusiones: los indicadores y procedimientos propuestos contribuyen evaluar el comportamiento de la pandemia covid-19 y a predecir en el corto y mediano plazos su comportamiento para la toma de decisiones sanitarias y gubernamentales.

Según la OMT (2020), España recibió 83,7 millones de turistas en 2019. Hasta donde sabemos, pocos estudios han profundizado en qué mueve a los turistas, realmente, a visitar las zonas semidespobladas de España. Este artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar un modelo explicativo de las motivaciones y expectativas turísticas en áreas del sudoeste de España, particularmente Extremadura. El modelo que presentamos clasificó, partiendo de la jerarquía de necesidades de Maslow, algunos factores que la literatura considera relevantes, como son las condiciones socioeconómicas de los visitantes y la satisfacción de la experiencia turística. La muestra consta de 6.106 entrevistas personales realizadas a visitantes. Las hipótesis sobre las relaciones causales se plantean a través de un modelo de análisis multivariado.

AbstractCross‐border cooperations have been usually approached by developing trade agreements between international regions to upgrade their socioeconomic conditions and promote international tourism flows in territories. However, little attention has been paid to the role that tourist companies play in underprivileged territories highly dependent on tourism. Through the theory of social exchange, theoretical implications can be drawn from those territories and compared with developed regions to understand what role tourism flow plays in the reciprocal attitude between tourist companies and visitors. Political implications force tourist authorities to involve companies in promoting their regional tourism resources through participatory tourism programmes. For this, the opinion of companies is strongly related to the tourism generated by the Parque Natural Tajo Internacional on both sides of the border between Spain and Portugal, who have participated in the research to develop tourism on both sides of the border. To collect the data, 126 interviews were carried out with companies among the 53 Spanish and Portuguese companies that participated in the research between January and June 2022. For data tabulation, version 3.26 of SmartPLS was used. The study concludes that social exchange policies that bring companies and residents closer together favour socioeconomic development in territories that have natural resources and are economically disadvantaged.